Simulation of Lead Removal by Chemical Treatment

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of a lime coagulation, lime, and limesoda ash softening in the removal of lead. The treatment processes were simulated at laboratory scaie oh a variety of waters having synthetically developed Chemical characteristics. All Systems reduced lead levels to 0.05 mg/l; however, alum coagulation was effective only in the pH range 8–9, not at near neutral values. Chemical softening in the solids‐contact mode resulted in virtually complete removal of lead.

Surface Characters and Adsorption Behavior of Pb(II) onto a Mesoporous Titanosilicate Molecular Sieve

“…, and Pb(OH) 4 2 Ϫ , and their respective molar fractions of various species of lead are ␣ 0 , ␣ 1 , ␣ 2 , ␣ 3 , and ␣ 4 . They are expressed in terms of the equilibrium equations…”

Adsorption of Copper(II) onto Perlite

“…[7], [8], or [9] versus equilibrium pH of the solution should yield a linear relationship, the slope of which gives the stoichiometric coefficient of the reactions [1], [3], or [5] Fig. 1.…”

REMOVAL OF LEAD (Pb ) AND ZINC (Zn ) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY ADSORPTION ON VERMICULITE FROM ASKOS AREA IN MACEDONIA (NORTHERN GREECE).

“…The heavy metal levels in waste water, drinking water and water used for agriculture must be decreased at least to the maximum permissible concentration (Mitrakas, 1996). Precipitation, ion exchange, solvent extraction, and sorption on activated carbon and other sorbente are conventional methods for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions (Gonzales-Davilla et al, 1990, Huang et al, 1984, Kahashi et al, 1983, Naylor et al, 1975) but due to high maintenance cost, these methods cannot be applied in the developing countries (Viraraghavan et al, 1991). The sorption process is used especially in the water treatment field and investigation has been made to determine the retention capacity of natural materials, which are inexpensive and good sorbents.…”