Simulation of Human Eye Optical System Properties and Depth of Field Variation

Abstract

Abstract-Human eyes are not perfect optical systems, most of them have refractive errors, the simulation of which is a plus to the realistic vision rendering. This paper presents the simulation of the properties of human eye optical system with an abstracted human eye optical model, including myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. A novel and effective ray-tracing-based method is brought out in this paper, which calculates the direction of rays refracted by the eye without modeling the surface of the crystalline lens. In order to achieve better simulation results, a circinate-patterned sampling method is proposed, which covers most of the radiation angles and has a distribution similar to Gaussian distribution. The variation of depth of field accompanied by the adjustment of the pupil size in reaction to the luminance of the environment is also simulated.Index Terms-Ray tracing, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, depth of field, human eye optical system.

Rendering algorithms for aberrated human vision simulation

“…The intersection tests were very costly, the input was limited to 2D images, and chromatic aberration was ignored Wu et al [11] The authors used aspherical refractive eye elements to improve the peripheral simulation accuracy and bidirectional path tracing with 3D scenes to guarantee that no rays are blocked by the pupil Chromatic aberration was ignored and the flat retina shape caused incorrect peripheral blurring Wang and Xiao [12] This algorithm utilized spectacle lens prescriptions for a fast simulation of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, and a novel simplified geometrical formulation for a stripped-down eye model to efficiently calculate the refracted ray directions…”

“…To overcome these issues, Wang and Xiao [12] used a simple eye model comprising a convex lens, pupil, and flat retina. This stripped-down model allows for the derivation of simple geometrical formulas for eyes with myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism.…”

“…The ray-tracing process can be extended by introducing a wavelength dimension and sampling, to correctly model the full spectrum. However, even without the full-eye model, it is possible to acquire correct simulations using the simplified ray-tracing approach of Wang and Xiao [12], which accounts for the wavelength-dependent focal length of the eye-as demonstrated by Cholewiak et al [15].…”