Simulation of Horizontal and Vertical Drainage Systems to Combat Waterlogging Problems along the Rohri Canal in Khairpur District, Pakistan

Chandio, A. S.; Lee, Teang Shui; Mirjat, M. S.

doi:10.1061/(asce)ir.1943-4774.0000590

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Irrigation water application means an input of salts because irrigation water, albeit of excellent quality, is a major source of soluble salts. Excessive irrigation, salt deposits on the soil surface and in the root zone from a shallow groundwater table, use of saline irrigation water, a dry climate, poor drainage and seawater intrusion in coastal areas are some of the specific causes of salinization of irrigated lands (Alam and Bhutta, 2004;Chandio et al, 2013). To avoid soil salinization, these salts need to be leached out of the root zone by water percolating to the subsoil.…”

Section: Environmental Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since groundwater quality is often relatively saline, even a small amount of capillary rise can add greatly to root zone salinity (van Hoorn and van Alphen, 1994). Excessive irrigation, salt deposits on the soil surface and in the root zone from a shallow groundwater table, use of saline irrigation water, a dry climate, poor drainage and seawater intrusion in coastal areas are some of the specific causes of salinization of irrigated lands (Alam and Bhutta, 2004;Chandio et al, 2013).…”

Section: Environmental Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Drainage and Salinization Problems of Irrigated Lands

Singh

2019

Irrigation and Drainage

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The development of irrigated agriculture is essential to feed the growing world population. Nevertheless, without proper drainage provisions, this development can result in salinization and rising groundwater table problems in irrigated areas. An effective drainage system not only improves existing agricultural lands but also brings new areas under cultivation. Poor drainage and the associated salinization cause a reduction in crop growth and yield and this reduction will be much higher if both salinization and submergence occur simultaneously. Drainage is necessary for humid as well as dry regions and it is one of the main inputs to obtain better yields per unit of agricultural area. The provision of drainage has many direct and indirect effects. This paper provides an overview of the drainage and salinization problems of irrigated lands and their impact on overall agricultural productivity. The significance of the study along with its goals and the historical development of agricultural drainage is provided. The processes involved in drainage‐associated salinization of irrigated lands and the effects of salinization and shallow groundwater tables on plant growth and yield and the environmental perspective of the problems are also detailed in the paper. Conclusions are provided that can be of use to the reader. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Environmental Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Drainage and Salinization Problems of Irrigated Lands

Singh

2019

Irrigation and Drainage

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“…Rare recharge accompanies short‐term inundation caused by exceptional rainfall events (ADB, ). Most recharge occurs by seepage from the network of unlined irrigation canals across the area (Section S1; Azad et al, ; Chandio, Lee, & Mirjat, ; cf. Greenman et al ; Qureshi et al, ) and deep percolation of river water used for irrigation.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adapted from figure 12 of Kazmi (1984). For line of section, see Figure 1 (inset) canals across the area (Section S1; Azad et al, 2003;Chandio, Lee, & Mirjat, 2013;cf. Greenman et al 1967;Qureshi et al, 2008) and deep percolation of river water used for irrigation.…”

Section: Groundwater Rechargementioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic and other water‐quality issues affecting groundwater, Indus alluvial plain, Pakistan

Naseem

McArthur

2018

Hydrological Processes

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Groundwater beneath the alluvial plain of the Indus River, Pakistan, is reported to be widely polluted by arsenic (As) and to adversely affect human health. In 79 groundwaters reported here from the lower Indus River plain in southern Sindh Province, concentrations of As exceeded the WHO guideline value for drinking water of 10 μg/L in 38%, with 22% exceeding 50 μg/L, Pakistan's guideline value. The As pollution is caused by microbially‐mediated reductive dissolution of sedimentary iron oxyhydroxides in anoxic groundwaters; oxic groundwaters contain <10 μg/L of As. In the upper Indus River plain, in Punjab Province, localized As pollution of groundwater occurs by alkali desorption as a consequence of ion exchange in groundwater, possibly supplemented by the use for irrigation of groundwater that has suffered ion exchange in the aquifer and so has values >0 for residual sodium carbonate. In the field area in southern Sindh, concentrations of Mn in groundwater exceed 0.4 mg/L in 11% of groundwaters, with a maximum of 0.7 mg/L, as a result of reduction of sedimentary manganese oxides. Other trace elements pose little or no threat to human health. Salinities in groundwaters range from fresh to saline (electrical conductivity up to 6 mS/cm). High salinities result from local inputs of waste water from unsewered sanitation but mainly from evaporation/evapotranspiration of canal water and groundwater used for irrigation. The process does not concentrate As in the groundwater owing to sorption of As to soils. Ion exchange exerts a control on concentrations of Na, Ca, and B but not directly on As. High values of Cl/Br mass ratios (most ≫288, the marine value) reflect the pervasive influence on groundwater of sewage‐contaminated water from irrigation canals through seepage loss and deep percolation of irrigation water, with additional, well‐specific, contributions from unsewered sanitation.

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“…The study also suggested to combine either upland crops or rice in an irrigation block to control salinity and the water table problems because this strategy would decrease the conveyance and field application losses by the introduction of canal lining and improved landleveling. Recently, Chandio et al (2013) carried out a simulation study along the Rohri Canal in Khairpur District of Pakistan. They evaluated the impacts of a horizontal drainage system, a vertical drainage system, and a combination of horizontal and vertical drainage on waterlogging control under different flow levels in Rohri Canal.…”

Section: Simulation Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Computer-based models for managing the water-resource problems of irrigated agriculture

Singh

2015

Hydrogeol J

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Irrigation is essential for achieving food security to the burgeoning global population but unplanned and injudicious expansion of irrigated areas causes waterlogging and salinization problems. Under this backdrop, groundwater resources management is a critical issue for fulfilling the increasing water demand for agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses. Various simulation and optimization approaches were used to solve the groundwater management problems. This paper presents a review of the individual and combined applications of simulation and optimization modeling for the management of groundwater-resource problems associated with irrigated agriculture. The study revealed that the combined use of simulation-optimization modeling is very suitable for achieving an optimal solution for groundwater-resource problems, even with a large number of variables. Independent model tools were used to solve the problems of uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation in groundwater modelling studies. Artificial neural networks were used to minimize the problem of computational complexity. The incorporation of socioeconomic aspects into the groundwater management modeling would be an important development in future studies.

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Simulation of Horizontal and Vertical Drainage Systems to Combat Waterlogging Problems along the Rohri Canal in Khairpur District, Pakistan

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

An Overview of Drainage and Salinization Problems of Irrigated Lands

An Overview of Drainage and Salinization Problems of Irrigated Lands

Arsenic and other water‐quality issues affecting groundwater, Indus alluvial plain, Pakistan

Review: Computer-based models for managing the water-resource problems of irrigated agriculture

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