Simulation of Growth Trajectories of Childhood Obesity into Adulthood

Ward, Zachary J.; Long, Michael W.; Resch, Stephen; Giles, Catherine M.; Cradock, Angie L.; Gortmaker, Steven L.

doi:10.1056/nejmoa1703860

Cited by 558 publications

(413 citation statements)

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“…It is therefore plausible that the effect sizes found are meaningful at a population level. Moreover, overweight or obesity during early infancy or childhood is associated with poorer cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes during childhood and a higher risk of obesity in later life . This study adds to an increasing literature from human cohorts and animal models to suggest that many common disorders may have origins in the earliest stages of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Relationships of maternal body mass index and plasma biomarkers with childhood body mass index and adiposity at 6 years: The Children of SCOPE study

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Maternal obesity has been implicated in the origins of childhood obesity through a suboptimal environment in‐utero. Objective We examined relationships of maternal early pregnancy body mass index (BMI), overweight/obesity, and plasma biomarkers of obesity, inflammation, insulin resistance, and placental function with measures of childhood BMI and adiposity. Methods BMI z‐score, sum of skinfold thicknesses (SST), body fat percentage (BFP, by bioelectrical impedance), and waist, arm, and hip circumferences were measured in 1173 6‐year‐old children of nulliparous pregnant women in the Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints (SCOPE) study, New Zealand. Relationships of maternal early pregnancy (15 weeks' gestation) BMI and biomarkers with these childhood anthropometric measures were assessed by linear regression, with appropriate adjustment. Results 28.1% of mothers were classified as overweight and 10.1% with obesity; compared with normal weight mothers, the BFP of their children were 5.3% higher (0.16 SD [95% CI, 0.04‐0.29] p = .01) and 7.8% higher (0.27 [0.08‐0.47] p = .006) with comparable values for BMI z‐score and arm, waist, and hip circumferences. Early pregnancy maternal BMI and plasma placental growth factor (PlGF) were associated with higher child's SST, BMI z‐score, hip circumference, and BFP. None of the metabolic or inflammatory maternal biomarkers were associated with childhood obesity. Conclusion In this contemporary large prospective cohort study with extensive maternal/childhood phenotyping and a high prevalence of maternal overweight/obesity, we found independent relationships of maternal early pregnancy BMI with childhood BMI and adiposity; similar associations were observed with PlGF, which may imply a role for placenta function in the developmental programming of childhood obesity risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Relationships of maternal body mass index and plasma biomarkers with childhood body mass index and adiposity at 6 years: The Children of SCOPE study

et al. 2019

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“…Strong observational evidence indicates that exposure to an adverse nutritional in-utero environment, arising from excessive maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) or maternal obesity, is associated with increased risk of obesity in the offspring [2–4]. In addition, the early infant growth trajectory has been linked to long term health [5, 6] as evidenced by the association between rapid early weight gain in the first few years of life and increased blood pressure [7], greater risk of obesity and the development of diabetes [8]. The trajectory of growth associated with the development of obesity in childhood may be established as early as 5 years of age in offspring born to mothers of heterogeneous body mass index (BMI) [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode of infant feeding, eating behaviour and anthropometry in infants at 6-months of age born to obese women – a secondary analysis of the UPBEAT trial

Patel

Dalrymple

Briley

et al. 2018

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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BackgroundMaternal obesity and rapid infant weight gain have been associated with increased risk of obesity in childhood. Breastfeeding is suggested to be protective against childhood obesity, but no previous study has addressed the potential benefit of breastfeeding as a preventive method of childhood obesity amongst obese women. The primary aim of this study was to assess the relationship between mode of feeding and body composition, growth and eating behaviours in 6-month-old infants of obese women who participated in UPBEAT; a multi-centre randomised controlled trial comparing a lifestyle intervention of diet and physical activity to standard care during pregnancy.MethodsThree hundred and fifty-three mother and infant pairs attended a 6-months postpartum follow-up visit, during which they completed the Baby-Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, a parent-reported psychometric measure of appetite traits. Measures of infant body composition were also undertaken. As there was no effect of the antenatal intervention on infant feeding and appetite the study was treated as a cohort. Using regression analyses, we examined relationships between: 1) mode of feeding and body composition and growth; 2) mode of feeding and eating behaviour and 3) eating behaviour and body composition.ResultsFormula fed infants of obese women in comparison to those exclusively breastfed, demonstrated higher weight z-scores (mean difference 0.26; 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.52), higher rate of weight gain (0.04; 0.00 to 0.07) and greater catch-up growth (2.48; 1.31 to 4.71). There was also a lower enjoyment of food (p = 0.002) amongst formula fed infants, following adjustment for confounders. Independent of the mode of feeding, a measure of infant appetite was associated with sum of skinfold thicknesses (β 0.66; 95% CI 0.12 to 1.21), calculated body fat percentage (0.83; 0.15 to 1.52), weight z-scores (0.21; 0.06 to 0.36) and catch-up growth (odds ratio 1.98; 1.21 to 3.21).ConclusionsIn obese women, exclusive breastfeeding was protective against increasing weight z-scores and trajectories of weight gain in their 6-month old infants. Measures of general appetite in early infancy were associated with measures of adiposity, weight and catch up growth independent of cord blood leptin concentrations and mode of early feeding.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12884-018-1995-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Interventions are of short (e.g. 4 (18), 5 (19), 8 weeks (20)) or long (e.g. 12 (21), 20 months (22)) duration, focus on specific populations (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions aimed at preventing and reducing overweight/obesity among children and adolescents: a meta-synthesis

Kobes¹,

Kretschmer²,

Timmerman³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity has been a major worldwide problem for decades. To stop the number of children and adolescents with overweight or obesity from increasing, numerous interventions focusing on improving children’s weight status have been designed and implemented. This vastly growing body of research on weight-related interventions for children and adolescents has been summarized by several meta-analyses that aim to provide an overview of the effectiveness of these interventions. Yet, the number of meta-analyses is expanding so quickly and overall results differ, making a comprehensive synopsis of the literature difficult. To tackle this problem, a meta- synthesis was conducted to draw informed conclusions about the state of the effectiveness of interventions targeting child and adolescent overweight. The results of the quantitative synthesis of 26 meta-analyses resulted in a standardized mean difference of -0.12 (95%CI: -0.16;-0.08). Several moderator analyses (e.g., gender, age, duration of the intervention, parental involvement) showed that participant and intervention characteristics had little impact on the overall effect size. Overall, the results of this meta-synthesis suggest that interventions result in statistically significant effects albeit of relatively little clinical relevance.

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Simulation of Growth Trajectories of Childhood Obesity into Adulthood

Abstract: On the basis of our simulation models, childhood obesity and overweight will continue to be a major health problem in the United States. Early development of obesity predicted obesity in adulthood, especially for children who were severely obese. (Funded by the JPB Foundation and others.).

Cited by 558 publications

References 48 publications

Relationships of maternal body mass index and plasma biomarkers with childhood body mass index and adiposity at 6 years: The Children of SCOPE study

Relationships of maternal body mass index and plasma biomarkers with childhood body mass index and adiposity at 6 years: The Children of SCOPE study

Mode of infant feeding, eating behaviour and anthropometry in infants at 6-months of age born to obese women – a secondary analysis of the UPBEAT trial

Interventions aimed at preventing and reducing overweight/obesity among children and adolescents: a meta-synthesis

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