Simulation of Brash Ice Behavior in the Gulf of Bothnia Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Formulation

Investigation of vessel resistance in model scale brash ice channels and comparison to full scale tests

“…However, given the Froude scaling law is applied in model scale tests in ice, the scaled-down ice strength significantly influences the inter-particle interaction in broken ice condition affecting the test result. As the breaking component in brash ice is absent, the ice fragments interaction and loads related to the interactionsuch as brash ice shearing, compressing movement, fragment rearrangement, friction from the interparticle interaction and friction between ice particles and the vessel hullbecome a significant factor in the vessel resistance compared to the level ice condition (Patil et al, 2021).…”