Simulation of amnesia by normals on Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test

Flowers, Kenneth; Sheridan, Martin R.; Shadbolt, Helen

doi:10.1016/0911-6044(95)00007-0

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Bernard (1991) and Suhr (2002) demonstrated that naïve and warned malingerers suppressed the primacy effect on this serial list learning task. Other research, however, has challenged this finding (Bernard et al, 1993;Flowers, Sheridan, & Shadbolt, 1996). The mixed findings might be attributed to methodological differences across studies regarding how the SPE was defined and analyzed (Bernard, 1991;Flowers et al, 1996;Suhr, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Other research, however, has challenged this finding (Bernard et al, 1993;Flowers, Sheridan, & Shadbolt, 1996). The mixed findings might be attributed to methodological differences across studies regarding how the SPE was defined and analyzed (Bernard, 1991;Flowers et al, 1996;Suhr, 2002). While all investigators examined variations in word recall over specifically defined portions of the wordlist (i.e., primacy portion, midlist portion, and recency portion), the wordlist was divided differently across various studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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The Rey AVLT Serial Position Effect: A Useful Indicator of Symptom Exaggeration?

Powell

Gfeller

Oliveri

et al. 2004

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

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This investigation explored the usefulness of serial position patterns during word recall on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT; Rey, 1964) as an indicator of poor effort. Significantly better recall for early (primacy) and recent (recency) material defines the serial position effect (SPE; Rundus, 1971). The SPE on the RAVLT was examined in four groups: normal controls (NC), symptom-coached simulators (SC), test-coached simulators (TC), and a group of moderate to severe subacute traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Normal control participants and TBI patients demonstrated the expected SPE. Only the SC simulators clearly suppressed the primacy effect. The SPE appears neither sensitive nor specific enough to be used independently of more sensitive symptom validity tests in the detection of suboptimal effort. It may be especially problematic when used with clients presenting with sophisticated styles of exaggeration and in settings with lower base rates of compromised effort.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The Rey AVLT Serial Position Effect: A Useful Indicator of Symptom Exaggeration?

Powell

Gfeller

Oliveri

et al. 2004

The Clinical Neuropsychologist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Comparison of various RAVLT scores in the detection of noncredible memory performance

Boone

Wen

2005

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

108

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Sixty-one noncredible patients (as documented by psychometric and behavioral criteria) scored significantly below 25 controls and 88 credible clinic patients with no motive to feign on most RAVLT scores, including added indices of implicit and "automatic" memory. A combination of true recognition (i.e., recognition minus false positives) + implicit memory score (i.e., the number of word stems completed with RAVLT items) + "automatic" memory score (i.e., the number of correct temporal order judgments) < or =22 was associated with 75.7% sensitivity with specificity at 91.5%. However, sensitivity was nearly as high when scores available from the standard RAVLT administration alone (i.e., no word stem or temporal order trials) were combined. Specifically, a cut-off of < or =12 for true recognition (recognition minus false positives) + primacy recognition (i.e., number of words recognized from the first third of the test) was associated with 73.8% sensitivity at 90% specificity. These results indicate that combined indices of recognition memory from the RAVLT are effective in identifying noncredible memory performance in "real world" samples and are modestly superior to the 67.2% sensitivity obtained with the standard recognition score.

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Malingering on the RAVLT Part II. Detection strategies

Sullivan

Deffenti

Keane

2002

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology

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In this study two potential indices of malingering derived from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) were evaluated as a means of detecting malingering. These were indices based on discrepancies between recognition-recall scores and differences in the serial position effect (SPE). Sixty undergraduate students were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: malingerers, malingerers-with-warning, warning-only, and control. Incentives were offered to participants in all conditions to encourage faking in a believable manner (malingering conditions), or to encourage optimal performance (nonmalingering conditions). Two predictions were made. First, it was predicted that the serial position curve for subjects in malingering conditions would show suppression of primacy effects relative to nonmalingerers. Second, it was predicted that recall would be better than recognition for subjects in malingering conditions compared to nonmalingering conditions. The utility of these indices was also explored in the context of providing subjects' with warnings regarding use of methods to detect malingering. Results indicated that both indices failed to reliably differentiate between malingerers and nonmalingerers, and warnings failed to modify participants' behaviour.

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Simulation of amnesia by normals on Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

The Rey AVLT Serial Position Effect: A Useful Indicator of Symptom Exaggeration?

The Rey AVLT Serial Position Effect: A Useful Indicator of Symptom Exaggeration?

Comparison of various RAVLT scores in the detection of noncredible memory performance

Malingering on the RAVLT Part II. Detection strategies

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