Simulation of air oxidation during a reactor accident sequence: Part 1 – Phenomenology and model development

Birchley, J.; Fernandez-Moguel, Leticia

doi:10.1016/j.anucene.2011.10.019

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…At the early stage of the oxide growth, heterogeneous oxidation a 1373 K becomes active. This heterogeneity may be attributed to formation of clusters of SPPs as already described [1,23,27,33,[37][38][39]. The local oxidation kinetics is significantly decreased by the presence of such clusters and results in the formation of conic-like voids.…”

Section: Oxidation At 1373 Kmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…The original surface before oxidation is approximately marked in image 2. The evolution of many branched cracks into only few much longer cracks with increasing temperature is related to two factors: kinetic transition of crystalline oxide structure [4,5,25,37] and disappearance of monoclinic phase. The transition from (sub-)parabolic to faster, linear kinetics was found for the zirconium alloys as about or below 1320 K [4], just between both here applied temperatures.…”

Section: Oxidation At 1373 Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-Ray Computer Tomography Study of Degradation of the Zircaloy-2 Tubes Oxidized at High Temperatures

Trybuś

Olivé

Lenoir

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science

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The investigations of high-temperature oxidation of zirconium alloys, applied for fuel pellets in nuclear power plants, are usually limited to oxidation kinetics, phase transformations and microstructural characterization. The purpose of this research was to characterize the degradation phenomena occurring within oxide layer and at the interface oxide/metal, on internal and external Zircaloy-2 tube surfaces, below and over crystalline transformation temperature of zirconium oxides. The commercial tubes were oxidized at 1273 K and 1373 K in calm air for 30 min and then examined with a technique novel for such purpose, namely a high-resolution X-ray computer tomography. The light microscopy was used to examine the cross-surfaces. The obtained results show that the form and intensity of oxide damage is significant and it is in a complicated way related to oxidation temperature and on whether external or internal tube surface is studied. The found oxide layer damage forms include surface cracks, the detachment of oxide layers, the appearance of voids, and nodular corrosion. The oxidation effects and damage appearance are discussed taking into account the processes such as formation of oxides, their phase transformation, stress-enhanced formation and propagation of cracks, diffusion of vacancies, formation of nitrides, diffusion of hydrogen into interface oxide-metal, incubation of cracks on second phase precipitates are taken into account to explain the observed phenomena.

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Section: Oxidation At 1373 Kmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Oxidation At 1373 Kmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Computer Tomography Study of Degradation of the Zircaloy-2 Tubes Oxidized at High Temperatures

Trybuś

Olivé

Lenoir

et al. 2019

Advances in Materials Science

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“…The appearance of breakaway oxidation depends on temperature, environment and alloy composition. The breakaway oxidation in steam (without nitrogen) occurs at temperatures up to 1300K [10] and after time ranged between 2400 and 5500 s [6]. In other research on the same alloy, the oxide layer was indeed compact at 1200°C, even if the oxide scale formed at 1000°C indicated breakaway phenomena [11].…”

Section: Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects become important under conditions of oxygen starvation. The inclusions showed a tendency for nitrogen to displace some oxygen atoms within the oxide layer, degrading the oxide scale integrity and promoting further oxidation [10]. Oxygen can be then considered as an active species and nitrogen as a catalyst that promotes breakaway [14].…”

Section: Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen degradation of pre-oxidized zirconium alloys

Szoka

Gajowiec

Zieliński

et al. 2017

Advances in Materials Science

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The presence of the oxide layers on Zr alloys may retard or enhance the hydrogen entry and material degradation, depending on the layer features. This research has been aimed to determine the effects of preoxidation of the Zircaloy-2 alloy at a different temperature on hydrogen degradation. The specimens were oxidised in laboratory air at 350ºC, 700ºC, and 900ºC. After, some samples were tensed at 10-5 strain rate and simultaneously charged with hydrogen under constant direct voltage in 1 N sulfuric acid at room temperature. Other specimens were charged without any tension, then annealed at 400ºC for 4 h and finally tensed at above strain rate. The SEM examinations were performed on the cross-sections and fracture faces of specimens. The obtained results demonstrate the effects of the oxide layer on the cathodic current and hydrogen entry, mechanical properties and the appearance of hydrides and fracture behaviour.

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“…In paper [29], some patterns of saturation of zirconium alloy Zry-4 after treatment in various gas media were established. In particular, it was shown that the highest mass increment of the given alloy is after treatment in the air, and the lowest is after treatment in pure nitrogen (Fig.…”

Section: а B C Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oxidation and nitriding on the properties of zirconium alloys

Trush

2017

EEJET

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Simulation of air oxidation during a reactor accident sequence: Part 1 – Phenomenology and model development

Cited by 26 publications

References 15 publications

X-Ray Computer Tomography Study of Degradation of the Zircaloy-2 Tubes Oxidized at High Temperatures

X-Ray Computer Tomography Study of Degradation of the Zircaloy-2 Tubes Oxidized at High Temperatures

Hydrogen degradation of pre-oxidized zirconium alloys

Effect of oxidation and nitriding on the properties of zirconium alloys

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