Simulation-Based Engine Calibration: Tools, Techniques, and Applications

Rask, Eric; Sellnau, Mark

doi:10.4271/2004-01-1264

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In response to an increased number of parameters that can be calibrated, model-based calibration has been adopted by the diesel engine industry in the last decade or so, but only for steady-state calibration [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Transient calibration is currently a manual process depending on the expertise of the engineer and is largely performed to meet regulation rather than optimize the system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engine electronic control module tables – Part 1: data requirements, processing, and analysis

Brahma

Chi

2011

International Journal of Engine Research

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This is the first part of a study investigating a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engines. The motivation is to populate hundreds of parameters (which can be calibrated) in a methodical and optimum manner by using model-based optimization in conjunction with the manual process so that, relative to the manual process used by itself, a significant improvement in transient emissions and fuel consumption and a sizable reduction in calibration time and test cell requirements is achieved. Empirical transient modelling and optimization has been addressed in the second part of this work, while the required data for model training and generalization are the focus of the current work. Transient and steady-state data from a turbocharged multicylinder diesel engine have been examined from a model training perspective. A single-cylinder engine with external air-handling has been used to expand the steady-state data to encompass transient parameter space. Based on comparative model performance and differences in the non-parametric space, primarily driven by a high engine difference between exhaust and intake manifold pressures (DP) during transients, it has been recommended that transient emission models should be trained with transient training data. It has been shown that electronic control module (ECM) estimates of transient charge flow and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) fraction cannot be accurate at the high engine DP frequently encountered during transient operation, and that such estimates do not account for cylinder-to-cylinder variation. The effects of high engine DP must therefore be incorporated empirically by using transient data generated from a spectrum of transient calibrations. Specific recommendations on how to choose such calibrations, how many data to acquire, and how to specify transient segments for data acquisition have been made. Methods to process transient data to account for transport delays and sensor lags have been developed. The processed data have then been visualized using statistical means to understand transient emission formation. Two modes of transient opacity formation have been observed and described. The first mode is driven by high engine DP and low fresh air flowrates, while the second mode is driven by high engine DP and high EGR flowrates. The EGR fraction is inaccurately estimated at both modes, while EGR distribution has been shown to be present but unaccounted for by the ECM. The two modes and associated phenomena are essential to understanding why transient emission models are calibration dependent and furthermore how to choose training data that will result in good model generalization.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engine electronic control module tables – Part 1: data requirements, processing, and analysis

Brahma

Chi

2011

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…Further simulation-based methods for deriving these maps at steady-state engine operation have been extensively reported in the literature [9][10][11][12]. These efforts have been valuable in understanding steady-state operation, and optimizing fuel economy and emissions in recent years [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Engine Calibration for Individual Driving Styles

Malikopoulos¹,

Assanis²,

Papalambros³

2008

SAE Technical Paper Series

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Increasing functionality of electronic control units has enhanced our ability to control engine operation utilizing calibration static maps that provide the values of several controllable variables. State-of-the-art simulation-based calibration methods permit the development of these maps with respect to extensive steady-state and limited transient operation of particular driving cycles. However, each individual driving style is different and rarely meets those test conditions. An alternative approach was recently implemented that considers the derivation of these maps while the engine is running the vehicle. In this approach, a self-learning controller selects in real time the optimum values of the controllable variables for the sequences of engine operating point transitions, corresponding to the driver's driving style. This paper presents a quantitative assessment of the benefits in fuel economy and emissions, derived from employing a self-learning controller for optimal injection timing in a diesel engine. The engine is simulated over transient operation in response of a hypothetical driver's driving style.

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“…Novel approaches are needed for addressing the problem of set-point calibration in high degree-offreedom (DOF) engines. Hence, attempts have been made to reduce the effort and address cam-phasing optimization using computer simulations and design-of-experiments approaches [12][13][14][15][16][17]. However, these approaches are suitable only for systems with a moderate increase of DOF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation-Based Approach for Developing Optimal Calibrations for Engines with Variable Valve Actuation

Filipi

Prucka

et al. 2007

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

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Résumé -Une approche basée sur la simulation pour le développement de réglages optimaux des moteurs avec système d'actionnement variable de soupape -La technologie d'actionnement variable de soupape (Variable Valve Actuation, VVA) présente un fort potentiel pour augmenter les performances et réduire consommation et pollution. Les avantages du VVA proviennent d'une meilleure aération et de la possibilité de contrôler les résidus internes. Par contre, l'addition de variables de contrôle supplémentaires dans un moteur VVA augmente la complexité du système, ce qui nécessite la mise au point d'une stratégie de contrôle optimale afin d'en tirer tous les bénéfices. L'approche traditionnelle reposant sur l'expérimentation s'avère trop onéreuse dans ce cas du fait de l'augmentation exponentielle du nombre de tests. Ce projet propose comme alternative de définir le réglage des soupapes comme un problème d'optimisation. Il identifie les simulations nécessaires au développement d'une méthode générique capable d'intégrer un nombre croissant de degrés de liberté afin de développer un outil de grande fidélité pour la prédiction des effets de différents dispositifs. Puisque la résolution d'un problème d'optimisation requiert l'évaluation de centaines de fonctions, l'utilisation directe d'une simulation hautefidélité demande des temps de calculs beaucoup trop longs. En remplacement, un réseau artificiel de neurones est entraîné avec des résultats de simulation haute-fidélité et utilisé pour représenter la réponse du moteur à différentes combinaisons de variables de contrôle, et ce avec des temps de calcul beaucoup plus courts. Cet article décrit une méthode basée sur la simulation, apporte des détails sur les techniques de modélisation haute-fidélité et démontre une application à un prototype de moteur à essence à quatre cylindres et double arbre à cames indépendant. Abstract

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Simulation-Based Engine Calibration: Tools, Techniques, and Applications

Cited by 64 publications

References 8 publications

Development of a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engine electronic control module tables – Part 1: data requirements, processing, and analysis

Development of a model-based transient calibration process for diesel engine electronic control module tables – Part 1: data requirements, processing, and analysis

Optimal Engine Calibration for Individual Driving Styles

A Simulation-Based Approach for Developing Optimal Calibrations for Engines with Variable Valve Actuation

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