Simulation and validation of three dimension functionally graded materials by material jetting

Abstract

Highlights  Modeling of mechanical behavior for the material-jet printed polymers  Validation of the material models by comparing the finite element analysis and physical tensile test with multi-material printed specimens  The result proves that it is possible to create a desired strain field by locally changing the ratio of the digital materials without changing the overall shape

A Review on Functionally Graded Materials and Structures via Additive Manufacturing: From Multi‐Scale Design to Versatile Functional Properties

“…[ 56 ] A digital material is a multi‐material created by mixing different ratios of PolyJet photopolymers at specific concentrations before UV‐light exposure, which greatly enlarges the range of printable materials available for PolyJet methods. [ 91 ] Salcedo et al [ 91 ] used Tango Black+ (TB+, rubber‐based material) and Vero White (VW+, ABS‐based material) to fabricate circular and rectangular graded regions. The strain patterns according to FEA basically matched those obtained from the experimental tensile test, with only minor differences.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 91 ] Copyright 2018, Elsevier. b) Comparison of experimental and simulated microstructures along orthogonal planes in an object fabricated by AM.…”

“…In addition, similar research was also applied to a meniscus cartilage. [ 178 ] Likewise, Kokkinis et al [ 91 ] printed a graded human intervertebral disc with a soft core and hard surface. The connection parts displayed a descending gradient, and exhibited great defect tolerant mechanical properties and tunable failure behavior (Figure 14h).…”

“…Previously, biomimetic systems used homogeneous materials for shape driven designs, which encountered great challenges to mimic the heterogeneous properties and microstructures of biological tissues. [ 91 ] FGAM allows composite biomedical implant materials with gradient properties to be manufactured directly. However, bio‐printing technologies must overcome several issues, such as microvascularization and bioink longevity, before attempting to print a full organ.…”

Numerical and experimental analysis of Cu–Fe functionally graded beam subjected to tensile loading

“…Salcedo et al. 11 fabricated a functionally graded (FG) composite material using additive manufacturing and tested specimens in tensile loading. Then, finite element (FE) simulations were conducted utilizing a two-parameter Mooney–Rivlin model for the elastic materials and a bilinear model for the rigid material.…”