Simulation and photoelectron track reconstruction of soft X-ray polarimeter

Liu, Hongbang; Zhang, Jin; Huang, Bo; Xie, Wenjin; Cai, Xi-Chen; Liu, Xiwen; Li, Zili; Gu, Jia; Liu, Qian; Li, Jin; Liang, En‐Wei

doi:10.1007/s41365-021-00903-0

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To study the features of Xe-based Gas Pixel Detector in simulation, Geant4 framework [11] (version 10.3) was adopted to build a simple GPD model. The structure of the GPD model is similar to our previous work [12]. As shown in figure 1, the main structure of the GPD is a gas chamber made of aluminum, the thickness of gas is 10 mm.…”

Section: Detector Simulation and Performancementioning

confidence: 96%

“…The 𝜎 of Gaussian diffusion corresponds to the diffusion coefficient of gas, which can be found in [16] for a variety of gases. Currently, the diffused simulation tracks are projected into a read-out array of 72 × 72 pixels by considering the setup of our previous experiment [12], 0.083 mm × 0.083 mm for each pixel. Moreover, a random charge fluctuation will be applied to each pixel to estimate the contribution of electronic noise.…”

Section: Detector Simulation and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of a Xe-based X-ray Polarimeter at 10–30 keV

et al. 2022

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Polarization detection of X-rays is a non-negligible topic to astrophysical observation. Many polarization detection methods have been well developed for X-rays in the energy range below 10 keV, while the detection at 10–30 keV is rarely discussed. This paper presents a simulation study of a Xe-based gas pixel detector, which can achieve the polarization detection of X-rays at 10–30 keV. To verify the emission angle distribution of photoelectrons, different electromagnetic models in Geant4 were investigated. After a necessary modification by considering the missing factor when sampling the emission angle, a good agreement can be achieved. Moreover, the detection capability of 20 keV polarized photons was discussed and the modulation factor of 43% could be obtained.

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Section: Detector Simulation and Performancementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Detector Simulation and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of a Xe-based X-ray Polarimeter at 10–30 keV

et al. 2022

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“…Finally, the diffused and multiplied photoelectron track is projected onto each pixel of the Topmetal-L chip to form the track, as depicted in Figure 8. The track reconstruction algorithm for LPD has been discussed in detail in a previous study (Huang et al 2021b).…”

Section: Lpd Mass Model and Simulation Logicmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-orbit Background and Sky Survey Simulation Study of POLAR-2/LPD

Feng 冯,

Liu,

Xie

et al. 2023

ApJ

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The Low-Energy X-ray Polarization Detector (LPD) is one of the payloads in the POLAR-2 experiment, designed as an external payload for the China Space Station deployment in early 2026. LPD is specifically designed to observe the polarization of gamma-ray burst (GRB) prompt emission in the energy range of 2–10 keV, with a wide field of view (FoV) of 90° in preliminary design. This observation is achieved using an array of X-ray photoelectric polarimeters based on gas pixel detectors. Due to the wide FoV configuration, the in-orbit background count rate in the soft X-ray range is high, while GRBs themselves also exhibit high flux in this energy band. In order to assess the contribution of various background components to the total count rate, we conducted detailed simulations using the GEANT4 C++ package. Our simulations encompassed the main interactions within the instrument materials and provided insights into various background components within the wide-FoV scheme. The simulation results reveal that among the background components, the primary contributors are the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) and bright X-ray sources. The total background count rate of LPD, after applying the charged particle background rejection algorithm, is approximately 0.55 counts cm–2 s–1 on average, and it varies with the detector’s orbit and pointing direction. Furthermore, we performed comprehensive simulations and comparative analyses of the CXB and X-ray bright sources under different FoVs and detector pointings. These analyses provide valuable insights into the background characteristics for soft X-ray polarimeter with wide FoV.

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“…In track reconstruction [12,[17][18][19], high reconstruction efficiency can be obtained for the reconstruction of the long track, but it becomes worse in the case of the short track. As a result, the performance of polarization detection is strongly related to the track length on the output image.…”

Section: Detector Simulation and Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, two kinds of algorithms have been developed and successfully applied. One of them was developed based on moment analysis [12,18,19], the other one based on the shortest path problem in graph theory [17]. In our study, a similar reconstruction algorithm as in [17] was applied to reconstruct the simulated tracks, which were generated based on the process mentioned in section 2.…”

Section: Modulation Factor Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of a Xe-based X-ray Polarimeter at 10-30 keV

Zhang,

Cai,

Huang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Polarization detection of X-rays is a non-negligible topic to astrophysical observation. Many polarization detection methods have been well developed for X-rays in the energy range below 10 keV, while the detection at 10-30 keV is rarely discussed. This paper presents a simulation study of a Xe-based gas pixel detector, which can achieve the polarization detection of X-rays at 10-30 keV. To verify the emission angle distribution of photoelectrons, different electromagnetic models in Geant4 were investigated. After a necessary modification by considering the missing factor when sampling the emission angle, a good agreement can be achieved. Moreover, the detection capability of 20 keV polarized photons was discussed and the modulation factor could be 43%.

show abstract

Simulation and photoelectron track reconstruction of soft X-ray polarimeter

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Simulation of a Xe-based X-ray Polarimeter at 10–30 keV

Simulation of a Xe-based X-ray Polarimeter at 10–30 keV

In-orbit Background and Sky Survey Simulation Study of POLAR-2/LPD

Simulation of a Xe-based X-ray Polarimeter at 10-30 keV

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