Simulation and Experimental Modeling of Inverter Triggering Circuits Using Zero-Crossing Detector (ZCD) Based on Microcontroller. (Dept. E)

Abstract

A zero-crossing detector (ZCD) is one type of synchronization method. An impulse is generated by the ZCD circuit when the AC sine wave crosses zero. The width of this impulse circuit has a bad effect on the working of other circuits. The width of this impulse is dependent on the elements used. The circuit output will be studied by generating two complementary pulses for the inverter. ZCD circuit facilitates the integration of photovoltaic (PV) power systems with other systems. The proposed design can be a good choice to allow connection for different sources for certain loads. Such as in the case of isolated load or microgrid feed by different distributed generators, such as synchronous generator (diesel) and PV. There is a big challenge to choose high-quality elements of the ZCD circuit to generate the accurate impulse, leading to higher performance of the used system. So, this paper will study two elements. Transistor 2N3904 and optocoupler 4N27 are used and the obtained results are compared and analyzed to choose the suitable one. The system used is designed once based on the transistor and then with an optocoupler. Finally, the results obtained from the different designs are compared and analyzed. The proposed system is simulated based on Proteus software and the corresponding results are clearly depicted with detailed analysis and compared with an experimental prototype that is accurately created. It is found that there is a good agreement between the simulation and the experimental results, which inform the quality of the designed system.