“…According to the D-H (Denavit-Hartenberg) method in robot kinematics [24], forward and inverse kinematics models of human lower limbs are established. Using the right leg of a human lower limb as an example, a coordinate system is established at each In Figure 10, point O represents the hip joint, points C and A represent the left and right knee joints, respectively, points D and B represent the ends of the left and right lower limbs, respectively, points G and E represent the heel points of the left and right feet, respectively, and points H and F represent the toe points of the left and right feet, respectively.…”