Simulation and analysis of assembly processes considering compliant, non-ideal parts and tooling variations

Compliant assembly tolerance analysis: guidelines to formalize the resistance spot welding plasticity effects

“…g, h Total nodes displacement U (metres) during fixture release and measure Z -axis of an angle of about 2 • . This behaviour differs from the one predicted by Hu et al [13] (Figs. 4 and 5) through an elastic model.…”

“…4d): They return to an undeformed shape with u x equal to the initial gap δ u and a vertical displacement u y which is mainly determined by the boundary condition sketched in [13] (Fig. 4b): One electrode is still and the other deforms the left part only.…”

“…Hu et al sketched the parts' elastic springback in [13] (Fig. 4d): They return to an undeformed shape with u x equal to the initial gap δ u and a vertical displacement u y which is mainly determined by the boundary condition sketched in [13] (Fig.…”

“…4b): One electrode is still and the other deforms the left part only. u y is evaluated in the deformed condition of [13] (Fig. 4e) with the analytical solution of [13] (Eq.…”

“…Other following works dealt with numerical simulation performed on computers: Through a finite element model (FEM), Hu et al [13] calculated the springback of a butt joint and considered the complete BiW process, with the assumptions of linear behaviour and no friction. In the aircraft field, Saadat et al [14] used a FEM to calculate the deformations resulting on wing assembly due to tolerances in internal reinforcement ribs.…”