Simulation Analysis of Gas Feed Method for Development of Ru-Based Catalyst for Ammonia Production

Simulation Analysis for Design of H2/N2 Ratio of Feed Gas to Ammonia Synthesis Process Using Ru/CeLaTiOx Catalyst

“…Meanwhile, owing to the novel Ru catalysts and heat recovery strategy, the presented system is significantly more energy-efficient compared to others in the literature. For example, to the best of our knowledge, comparable renewable-powered thermocatalytic NH 3 synthesis loop systems at similar scale (30–100 kmol/h inlet input, or ∼3–10 ton-NH 3 /day) in the literature only attained process efficiency and SEC below 60% and at least above 20 GJ/ton-NH 3 . ,− For example, a hypothetical 3-bed Ru/C catalyst-loaded synthesis loop system with 7.5 MPaG operating pressure and fixed system inlet flow rate of 60 kmol/h and similar total system catalyst loading to that of present work (∼1 m 3 ) achieved process efficiency of 57.5% and significantly higher SEC of 38.4 GJ/ton-NH 3 …”

“…Process design of modular green NH 3 synthesis: (a) oil-cooled and (b) self-cooled (autothermal) configurations (present study); (c) self-cooled reactor schematic diagram, (d) process flow diagram of the synthesis loop with self-cooled reactor, where (i) main feed, (ii) reactor quench, (iii) first reactor preheater, (iv) reactant gas as coolant, (v) second reactor preheater, (vi) catalyst beds, (vii) NH 3 separation, heat recovery, and reactant recycle systems. Transparent red arrows denote heat removal from the reaction tube to the cooling reactant.…”

“…Process with a Split-Feed Method. In previous work, we studied the feasibility of a hypothetical small scale (6-ton NH 3 /day) green NH 3 synthesis with Ru/CeLaTiO x catalyst, which employed a utility reactor heat recovery system using oil cooling 15 (Figure 1a). Although economy-of-scale for such a system was predicted to be within reach of feasibility, challenges for its deployment remain a concern, especially in regards to the logistics of the cooling oil provision and its handling and safety.…”

“…As in the previous study, 15 the inlet of quench reactant gas of H 2 or N 2 was located in between these beds to control and optimize the composition, flow rate, and temperature at the inlet of the second bed. The temperature of the quench gas was set lower than that of the fixed bed reactor inlet to bring down the hot gas from the Bed 1 outlet to a favorable range (∼400 °C).…”

“…The readers are advised to check Table7for more detailed results of the selected optimized configurations (star icons). Black asterisk icon denotes optimum condition of benchmarked system with Ru/CeLaTiO x -loaded, oil-cooled configuration15 (process capacity of 6-ton NH 3 /day).…”