Simulation analysis of Co-Pyrolysis of oil shale and wheat straw based on the combination of chain reaction kinetics and improved CPD models

Coupled Control of Thermal Maturation and Microscopic Deformation on the Pore Structure Evolution of High-Maturity Coal-Bearing Shale

“…The contents of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen in all samples were determined in this work. Stable carbon isotopes of kerogen (δ 13 C org ) in all shale samples were obtained by a MAT-253 elemental analysis-isotope mass spectrometer.…”

“…This indicates that with the increase in shale thermal evolution, the H and O elements in organic molecules escape and form methane and water molecules, which leads to a decrease in H/C and O/C. The δ 13 C org values present a negative relationship with the N content in organic matter (Figure 7b), indicating that with the escape of the 12 C element in kerogen, the N content also decreases. Meanwhile, both H/C and O/C ratios are positively correlated with δ 13 C org values (Figure 7c,d), suggesting that during shale gas generation, the variation in organic elements in kerogen is closely related to the change in carbon isotope fractionation.…”

“…Meanwhile, both H/C and O/C ratios are positively correlated with δ 13 C org values (Figure 7c,d), suggesting that during shale gas generation, the variation in organic elements in kerogen is closely related to the change in carbon isotope fractionation. In terms of organic elements, the evolution of the chemical composition of organic matter during shale maturation is essentially a process of 13 C enrichment and H and O removal. This is the reason for the formation of the elemental composition pattern of high δ 13 C org values and low H/C and O/C ratios in the organic matter of high-maturity shale.…”

“…36 Milkov et al found that most of the commercially successful shale gases belonged to thermogenic gases and that isotope inversion was caused by isotope fractionation during desorption. 37 Yu et al studied the change in δ 13 C and δ 15 N values in coal-bearing strata, indicating that the stable isotopic compositions of organic matter in different types of sedimentary rocks are significantly different. 38 Tan et al suggested that the loss of organic carbon during thermal metamorphism is the result of carbon devolatilization and the formation of CO 2 and hydrocarbon gases.…”

Sub- and supercritical water conversion of organic-rich shale with low-maturity for oil and gas generation: using Chang 7 shale as an example

“…Thermal maturation of organic-rich shale has been extensively studied in the conditions of N 2 , 49–65 steam, 18,19,66–69 subcritical water, 20,21,70–74 carbon dioxide, and other solvents. 37,75–84 Kerogen undergoes two parallel paths in thermal conversion, that are, a direct decomposition to oil and gas, and a successive pathway with macromolecular bitumen or heavy oil as an intermediate.…”