“…Those models have been used to predict fluxes, pressure profiles, concentration distributions, shear stresses, and mass transfer as well as accumulation phenomena. Respective models are available for different setups, such as dead-end modules [3,8,17,18], flat sheet cross-flow rigs [19,20], hollow fiber modules [7,21] and multistage SPTFF units [22,23]. In the last two decades, the description of the accumulation phenomena during UF developed from a static, mostly qualitative to a dynamic quantitative analysis in order to better understand the important process limitations resulting.…”