Simulating the synergy of electron donors and different redox mediators on the anaerobic decolorization of azo dyes: Can AQDS-chitosan globules replace the traditional redox mediators?

Adsorption and decolorization study of reactive black 5 by immobilized metal–organic framework of UiO-66 andGloeophyllum trabeumfungus

“…The estimated thermodynamic parameters are Gibbs free energy (DG), entropy change (DS), enthalpy change (DH), and the equilibrium distribution constant (K d ). The equilibrium distribution constant is related to (DH) and (DS) as shown in eqn (7), where T (K) is the absolute temperature. Based on the relationship between DG 0 and K d , changes in the equilibrium constant with temperature can be obtained from the following eqn ( 7)-( 9):…”

“…However, these methods have technical or economic drawbacks, making them unaffordable for the low-income textile printing and dyeing industry. 7 Alternative method that is considered efficient for treating dye waste is the biodegradation method, which uses bacteria and fungi to treat the waste because it is affordable and more environmentally friendly. 8,9 Brown-rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum (GT) was used in the biodegradation process of some synthetic dyes because of its enzymes and a Fenton reaction mechanism.…”

Electron shuttles enhanced the removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in anaerobic systems: A review

“…As a class of model quinone compounds, AQS and AQDS can also act as electron shuttles to facilitate the anaerobic process. Usually, after entering anaerobic system, AQDS is first reduced to its hydroquinone state AH 2 QDS by reducing components and then oxidized back to AQDS by oxidizing components ( Cai et al, 2021 ), with the help of multiple cycles of AQDS/AH 2 QDS to promote electron transfer ( Yang et al, 2019 ; Zhou et al, 2021d ); Similar to the redox cycle of AQDS, AQS is first reduced to its hydroquinone state AH 2 QS and AHQS, which is later oxidized to AQS ( Cai et al, 2021 ; Xu et al, 2021a ).…”

“…However, soluble electron shuttles inevitably face the problems of losing and causing secondary contamination with the effluent. Therefore, researchers have recently explored the possibility of loading soluble electron shuttles onto solid-phase carriers such as chitosan ( Zhou et al, 2021d ), various carbon materials ( Atilano-Camino et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2021a ), and foam ( Lu et al, 2021 ) to convert the reaction system from homogeneous to multiphase in order to prolong the service life of electron shuttles and reduce possible contamination. Formally, these electron shuttles have been transformed from the soluble state to the solid state.…”

Co-metabolic Effect of Glucose on Methane Production and Phenanthrene Removal in an Enriched Phenanthrene-Degrading Consortium Under Methanogenesis

“…Co-metabolism is a traditional approach adopted to enhance the degradation of refractory pollutants and CH 4 production in the anaerobic digestion system, which can vigorously promote the growth and activity of indigenous microbes by supplying some popular carbon sources (e.g., glucose, fructose, and sucrose) for microbes to the target system ( Li et al, 2016a , b ; Xie et al, 2016 ; Khan et al, 2017 ; Hadibarata et al, 2018 ; Feng et al, 2019 ). Glucose is one of the most favorable carbon (energy) sources for heterotrophic microbes and has been frequently used as a co-metabolic substrate to improve CH 4 production and accelerate the degradation of refractory pollutants in diverse environments ( Ambrosoli et al, 2005 ; Jing et al, 2017 ; Khan et al, 2017 ; Shu et al, 2021 ; Zhou et al, 2021 ). For example, the addition of glucose was found to significantly enhance the degradation of fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene under an anaerobic denitrification system ( Ambrosoli et al, 2005 ), and the addition of glucose effectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of gallic acid on CH 4 production in an anaerobic digestion system ( Mousa and Forster, 1999 ).…”