Simulating the mass balance and salinity of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. 1. Model description and validation

Vancoppenolle, Martin; Fichefet, Thierry; Goosse, Hugues; Bouillon, Sylvain; Madec, Gurvan; Maqueda, M. A. Morales

doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.10.005

Cited by 292 publications

(314 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, over the last two decades, the shares of basal and surface melt have been comparable. Thinner ice fosters the summer reduction in ice concentration, which in turn increases basal melt through to the ice-albedo feedback, as observed [Perovich et al, 2003;Perovich et al, 2007] and simulated [Vancoppenolle et al, 2009b]. Because the long-term ice retreat is more pronounced in summer than in winter [see, e.g., Deser and Teng, 2008], the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of Arctic sea ice extent has been increasing, which means that the total annual sea ice growth and melt has been increasing and should continue to increase in the future [e.g., Holland et al, 2006].…”

Section: Sea Ice Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 67%

“…Because the long-term ice retreat is more pronounced in summer than in winter [see, e.g., Deser and Teng, 2008], the amplitude of the seasonal cycle of Arctic sea ice extent has been increasing, which means that the total annual sea ice growth and melt has been increasing and should continue to increase in the future [e.g., Holland et al, 2006]. In the Southern Ocean, observations and models indicate that ice formation mechanisms are more diverse than in the Arctic: congelation, frazil ice and snow-ice formation all contribute significantly [Worby et al, 1996;Jeffries et al, 1997;Vancoppenolle et al, 2009b]. The direct exposure of the Southern Ocean sea ice pack to ocean swell results in a higher contribution of frazil ice than in the Arctic, associated with so-called pancake ice formation [Lange et al, 1989].…”

Section: Sea Ice Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct exposure of the Southern Ocean sea ice pack to ocean swell results in a higher contribution of frazil ice than in the Arctic, associated with so-called pancake ice formation [Lange et al, 1989]. Because Antarctic air masses are relatively cold and dry [Andreas and Ackley, 1982], and because the ocean heat flux is much larger than in the Arctic [e.g., McPhee, 2008], basal ice melt largely overcomes surface melt in the Southern Ocean [Vancoppenolle et al, 2009b;Maksym et al, 2012]. Lateral melting is confined to the zones where ice floes are sufficiently small [Steele, 1992;Perovich et al, 2003] and has not been clearly evidenced as a significant large-scale mass balance contributor.…”

Section: Sea Ice Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Vancoppenolle

Meiners

Michel

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

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212

215

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International audienceObservations from the last decade suggest an important role of sea ice in the global biogeochemical cycles, promoted by (i) active biological and chemical processes within the sea ice; (ii) fluid and gas exchanges at the sea ice interface through an often permeable sea ice cover; and (iii) tight physical, biological and chemical interactions between the sea ice, the ocean and the atmosphere. Photosynthetic micro-organisms in sea ice thrive in liquid brine inclusions encased in a pure ice matrix, where they find suitable light and nutrient levels. They extend the production season, provide a winter and early spring food source, and contribute to organic carbon export to depth. Under-ice and ice edge phytoplankton blooms occur when ice retreats, favoured by increasing light, stratification, and by the release of material into the water column. In particular, the release of iron - highly concentrated in sea ice - could have large effects in the iron-limited Southern Ocean. The export of inorganic carbon transport by brine sinking below the mixed layer, calcium carbonate precipitation in sea ice, as well as active ice-atmosphere carbon dioxide (CO₂) fluxes, could play a central role in the marine carbon cycle. Sea ice processes could also significantly contribute to the sulphur cycle through the large production by ice algae of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), the precursor of sulphate aerosols, which as cloud condensation nuclei have a potential cooling effect on the planet. Finally, the sea ice zone supports significant ocean-atmosphere methane (CH₄) fluxes, while saline ice surfaces activate springtime atmospheric bromine chemistry, setting ground for tropospheric ozone depletion events observed near both poles. All these mechanisms are generally known, but neither precisely understood nor quantified at large scales. As polar regions are rapidly changing, understanding the large-scale polar marine biogeochemical processes and their future evolution is of high priority. Earth system models should in this context prove essential, but they currently represent sea ice as biologically and chemically inert. Palaeoclimatic proxies are also relevant, in particular the sea ice proxies, inferring past sea ice conditions from glacial and marine sediment core records and providing analogues for future changes. Being highly constrained by marine biogeochemistry, sea ice proxies would not only contribute to but also benefit from a better understanding of polar marine biogeochemical cycles

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Section: Sea Ice Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Sea Ice Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sea Ice Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Vancoppenolle

Meiners

Michel

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

Self Cite

212

215

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“…The recently developed version 3 of LIM, referred to as LIM3, includes a more physically based parameterisation of lead formation proposed by Biggs et al 20 In this new parameterisation, h o is a nonlinear function of ice velocity, wind speed and pack ice thickness. As reported by Vancoppenolle et al 21 the computed values of h o is well-suited for the simulation of new ice growth in the calm waters of the Arctic Ocean, as well as for leads and polynyas, but is not ideal for dynamical (pancake) ice growth processes in turbulent conditions that are prevalent in the Southern Ocean marginal ice zones. Hence although significant progress has been made, further improvements in the parameterisation of leads are still needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sea ice sensitivity to the parameterisation of open water area

Wang¹,

Lu²,

Wright³

et al. 2010

Journal of Operational Oceanography

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“…The NEMO model has three parts: (1) the ocean dynamics and thermodynamics model OPA (Madec, 2008), (2) the sea-ice model LIM (Vancoppenolle et al, 2009), and (3) the passive tracer module TOP. This physical model is coupled via TOP to version 1 of PISCES.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Model constraints on the anthropogenic carbon budget of the Arctic Ocean

Terhaar¹,

Orr²,

Gehlen³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The Arctic Ocean is projected to experience not only amplified climate change but also amplified ocean acidification.Modeling future acidification depends on our ability to simulate baseline conditions and changes over the industrial era. range from a previous data-based C ant storage estimate (2.5 to 3.3 Pg C). Yet those limits may each need to be reduced by 10 about 10% because data-based C ant concentrations in deep waters remain at ∼6 µmol kg −1 , while they should be almost negligible by analogy to the near-zero observed CFC-12 concentrations from which they are calculated. Across the three resolutions, there was roughly three times as much anthropogenic carbon that entered the Arctic Ocean through lateral transport than via the flux of CO 2 across the air-sea interface. Wider comparison to nine earth system models that participated in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) reveals much larger diversity of stored anthropogenic carbon and 15 lateral transport. Only the CMIP5 models with higher lateral transport obtain C ant inventories that are close to the data-based estimates. Increasing resolution also enhances acidification, e.g., with greater shoaling of the Arctic's average depth of the aragonite saturation horizon during 1960-2012, from 50 m in ORCA2 to 210 m in ORCA025. To assess the potential to further refine modeled estimates of the Arctic Ocean's C ant storage and acidification, sensitivity tests that adjust model parameters are needed given that century-scale global ocean biogeochemical simulations still cannot be run routinely at high resolution.

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Simulating the mass balance and salinity of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. 1. Model description and validation

Cited by 292 publications

References 104 publications

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Role of sea ice in global biogeochemical cycles: emerging views and challenges

Sea ice sensitivity to the parameterisation of open water area

Model constraints on the anthropogenic carbon budget of the Arctic Ocean

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