Simulating the germination response to diurnally alternating temperatures under climate change scenarios: comparative studies on Carex diandra seeds

Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo; Seal, Charlotte E.; Pritchard, Hugh W.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcu234

Cited by 41 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In fact, individual studies showed that not only long‐term stratification or after‐ripening function in this way. Similar changes in hydrothermal traits are elicited by other factors such as fluctuating temperatures (Fernández‐Pascual, Seal & Pritchard, ) and light (Hu et al ., ).…”

Section: Meta‐analysis Of the Thermal Memory Of Plant Reproductive Trmentioning

confidence: 66%

Seeds of future past: climate change and the thermal memory of plant reproductive traits

2018

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Plant persistence and migration in face of climate change depends on successful reproduction by seed, a central aspect of plant life that drives population dynamics, community assembly and species distributions. Plant reproduction by seed is a chain of physiological processes, the rates of which are a function of temperature, and can be modelled using thermal time models. Importantly, while seed reproduction responds to its instantaneous thermal environment, there is also evidence of phenotypic plasticity in response to the thermal history experienced by the plant's recent ancestors, by the reproducing plant since seedling establishment, and by its seeds both before and after their release. This phenotypic plasticity enables a thermal memory of plant reproduction, which allows individuals to acclimatise to their surroundings. This review synthesises current knowledge on the thermal memory of plant reproduction by seed, and highlights its importance for modelling approaches based on physiological thermal time. We performed a comprehensive search in the Web of Science and analysed 533 relevant articles, of which 81 provided material for a meta-analysis of thermal memory in reproductive functional traits based on the effect size Zr. The articles encompassed the topics of seed development, seed yield (mass and number), seed dormancy (physiological, morphological and physical), germination, and seedling establishment. The results of the meta-analysis provide evidence for a thermal memory of seed yield, physiological dormancy and germination. Seed mass and physiological dormancy appear to be the central hubs of this memory. We argue for integrating thermal memory into a predictive framework based on physiological time modelling. This will provide a quantitative assessment of plant reproduction, a complex system that integrates past and present thermal inputs to achieve successful reproduction in changing environments. The effects of a warming environment on plant reproduction cannot be reduced to a qualitative interpretation of absolute positives and negatives. Rather, these effects need to be understood in terms of changing rates and thresholds for the physiological process that underlie reproduction by seed.

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Section: Meta‐analysis Of the Thermal Memory Of Plant Reproductive Trmentioning

confidence: 66%

Seeds of future past: climate change and the thermal memory of plant reproductive traits

2018

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“…To determine the range of temperatures under which germination can occur, we assayed seeds in four constant temperatures that span those experienced throughout the life cycle (8, 16, 22 and 31°C) and in a constant 12‐h photoperiod. The use of constant temperatures allows these results to be used to build germination models (Alvarado & Bradford, ; Bradford, ); however, temperatures in natural environments do fluctuate over the day, which has been shown to influence phenological traits such germination (Liu et al ., ; Fernandez‐Pascual et al ., ) and flowering time (Thingnaes et al ., ; L. T. Burghardt et al ., unpublished) of some species and genotypes but not others. To our knowledge, an examination comparing germination in fluctuating and constant environments has not been performed in A. thaliana so it is hard to predict the importance of this factor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple paths to similar germination behavior in Arabidopsis thaliana

2015

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SummaryGermination timing influences plant fitness, and its sensitivity to temperature may cause it to change as climate shifts. These changes are likely to be complex because temperatures that occur during seed maturation and temperatures that occur post-dispersal interact to define germination timing.We used the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana to determine how flowering time (which defines seed-maturation temperature) and post-dispersal temperature influence germination and the expression of genetic variation for germination.Germination responses to temperature (germination envelopes) changed as seeds aged, or after-ripened, and these germination trajectories depended on seed-maturation temperature and genotype. Different combinations of genotype, seed-maturation temperature, and afterripening produced similar germination envelopes. Likewise, different genotypes and seedmaturation temperatures combined to produce similar germination trajectories. Differences between genotypes were most likely to be observed at high and low germination temperatures.The germination behavior of some genotypes responds weakly to maternal temperature but others are highly plastic. We hypothesize that weak dormancy induction could synchronize germination of seeds dispersed at different times. By contrast, we hypothesize that strongly responsive genotypes may spread offspring germination over several possible germination windows. Considering germination responses to temperature is important for predicting phenology expression and evolution in future climates.

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“…Since major changes in the germination phenology and subsequent recruitment are expected under climate change scenarios (Mondoni et al 2012;Hoyle et al 2013;Fernández-Pascual et al 2015), the identification of thermal thresholds for seed dormancy breaking and germination are essential to assess whether a plant is able to cope with temperature regimes that are different and, in many cases, warmer than those it is currently exposed to. Despite the large number of publications characterizing germination niches of individual species or groups of species (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What can routine germination tests in seed banks tell us about the germination ecology of endemic and protected species?

Clemente

Müller

Almeida

et al. 2017

Botany

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Protocols for the conservation of threatened plants are often constrained by the absence of data on germination ecology. However, seed bank managers periodically monitor the viability of stored seed collections using germination tests. Here, we argue that data from those tests can and should be used to provide information on germination requirements of threatened species. Twelve taxa endemic to Portugal were used as a test case to determine the effect of incubation temperature and pretreatments upon germination and to identify major factors eliciting germination and releasing dormancy. We achieved maximum germination percentages >95% for nine taxa. Temperature significantly affected the final germination and mean germination time in most taxa. Maximum and faster germination at cool temperatures (15 °C or alternate 20/10 °C) was the prevailing trend. Cold stratification improved germination in one species, suggesting physiological dormancy. Scarification increased the germination percentage of one species among those expected to exhibit physical dormancy. Seed bank data provided valuable information on germination ecology, which can be used in in-situ conservation and as a baseline for further germination studies. Given the increasing threats to plant diversity, accessibility to seed bank data are paramount.

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Simulating the germination response to diurnally alternating temperatures under climate change scenarios: comparative studies on Carex diandra seeds

Cited by 41 publications

References 63 publications

Seeds of future past: climate change and the thermal memory of plant reproductive traits

Seeds of future past: climate change and the thermal memory of plant reproductive traits

Multiple paths to similar germination behavior in Arabidopsis thaliana

What can routine germination tests in seed banks tell us about the germination ecology of endemic and protected species?

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