Simulating the effects of turbocharging on the emission levels of a gasoline engine

Mahmoudi, Amir Reza; Khazaee, Iman; Ghazikhani, Mohsen

doi:10.1016/j.aej.2017.03.005

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Smog formation was also observed in the year 2017 and it is expected that if vehicular and industrial exhausts are not monitored for the exhaust, situation may become verse and it may become very difficult to overcome air pollution and smog issue in this city. (Mahmoudi et al, 2017). in exhaust of Qingqi rickshaw (6.04 g/km) were almost 12 times higher than standard value.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Outdoor Air Quality as Influenced by Vehicular Exhaust in Metropolitan City of Lahore, Pakistan

Kashif

Shah

Arooj

2019

Pak. j. sci. ind. res. Ser. A: phys. sci.

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This study was conducted to estimate the contribution of vehicular exhaust gases towards ambient air quality in Lahore, Pakistan during 2017. LANDCOM-III flue gas analyzer was used for determination of vehicular exhaust pollutants (CO, SO2, NO2, NO, H2S, HC) for five vehicles groups (motor bikes, Qingqi rickshaw, local cars, imported cars and public transport vans) from April to September, 2017. Major pollutants were compared with their National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for the country. Ambient air quality was monitored using Haz scanner HIM-6000 during smog formation in the city in October and November, 2017. From the study, it was concluded that except local and imported cars, all vehicles groups emit high concentration of pollutants as compared to the standard values. It is also observed that public transport vehicles i.e. Qingqi rickshaw and vans contribute more towards atmospheric pollution as compared to other vehicle groups in the city. During smog formation in the city, PM2.5 and PM10, NO, NO2 (NOx) concentration was decreased whereas concentration of O3, H2S and VOCs increased in November than October. Ozone concentration during the smog was below NEQS indicating that smog was not totally photochemical smog but mainly originated from vehicular and industrial exhaust gases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Outdoor Air Quality as Influenced by Vehicular Exhaust in Metropolitan City of Lahore, Pakistan

Kashif

Shah

Arooj

2019

Pak. j. sci. ind. res. Ser. A: phys. sci.

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“…Moreover, when the engine is noted to be turbocharged, the internal combustion of fuel has higher efficiency and fewer emissions (e.g., NOx, CO, CO 2 ). 27 Aside from ensuring that vehicle condition is enough to meet vehicle standards, the strength of enforcement is also necessary to reduce air pollution. However, the results of this study showed inconsistent reporting of smoke-belching cases from the years 2016-2020 and the months of the year.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Pollution towards the Workplace in the Philippines

2022

Acta Med Philipp

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Introduction. Air pollution is an emerging global concern, especially in the Western Pacific and South-East Asia regions; smoke-belching and emissions from vehicles on the road are associated with air pollution. In the Philippines, the Clean Air Act of 1999 was passed to address the growing concern for poor air quality to cover mobile sources such as vehicles. Objective. This study aimed to come up with a descriptive analysis of emissions of vehicles as this has an impact on air pollution and road-environmental safety. Methodology. This study analyzed a secondary database of vehicle emissions violation cases from the Land Transportation Organization (LTO) office in Region 11, the Philippines. The study was retrospective in nature and involved a review of traffic violation cases. The data were encoded and analyzed using the SPSS ver. 23 software program. Results. Two hundred eighty-two vehicle emission standard violations were recorded by the Land Transportation Office (LTO) from 2018 to 2019. Most cases were from 2018 (72.7%), with January (30.9%) recorded the highest number of unsafe vehicle emission standard violation cases. Of the apprehended drivers, the majority (88.3%) were of the driving professional license category. All the drivers (100.0%) were caught due to the violation of smoke-belching (V16). In comparison, a small proportion was also seen as cases of driving without a valid driver’s license or conductor’s permit (1.8%) and failure to carry driver’s license/OR/CR (0.8%). All the violators were caught on daytime working and rush hours, between 6:00 am and 5:00 pm. More than half of the apprehended drivers’ vehicles (55.3%) were classified as for hire, while the remaining (41.8%) were classified as private vehicles. The majority (99.3%) of the vehicles did not pass the first emissions standards. Meanwhile, the most common vehicles caught for unsafe emissions were UV vehicles (n = 239). The vehicles caught for dangerous emissions were more than ten years old, with one-third (35.9%) of the vehicles were between 10 to 19 years old. The mean years of use or age of the vehicle were 15.724 ± 8.553 years. Opacity results for the first emission testing were 6.691 ± 2.404, while the Average Light Absorption (ALA) coefficient for the second emissions testing was 1.102 ± 0.577. Conclusion. This study provided an overview of unsafe vehicle emissions within an urban city and suggested a need for more robust monitoring of vehicle emissions within safe limits. Vehicles that do not meet safety standards should not be allowed on the road, and disposal of old inefficient running vehicles may be beneficial in reducing dangerous air pollution.

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“…As is known, practical engines can operate under oxygen-rich combustion to increase engine efficiency and reduce emissions with turbocharging technology. 40 Engine fuels may also be burned under oxygen-lean conditions when the engine is initiated, especially in diesel engines. As such, the oxidation behaviors of blended fuels under oxygen-lean, natural aspiration, and oxygen-rich conditions were investigated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The E10 blend, which was composed of 82% iso-octane, 8% n -heptane, and 10% ethanol, was chosen as a representative fuel considering that the volume ratio of ethanol added to gasoline was usually approximately 10% in China. As is known, practical engines can operate under oxygen-rich combustion to increase engine efficiency and reduce emissions with turbocharging technology . Engine fuels may also be burned under oxygen-lean conditions when the engine is initiated, especially in diesel engines.…”

Section: Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of Ethanol Blended Gasoline Surrogates in a Flow Reactor

et al. 2019

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The oxidation of ethanol blended with gasoline surrogates, a mixture of iso-octane and n-heptane, was studied in a flow reactor to evaluate the influence of ethanol content and oxygen concentration on the oxidation behaviors of reactants and the emissions of methanol, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde. The blend with 10% ethanol content accelerated the emergence of the negative temperature coefficient region of iso-octane and n-heptane. The emissions of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde increased with the increasing ethanol content. Increasing the oxygen concentration from 10% to 21% led to increased emissions of methanol, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde. With the oxygen concentration from 21% to 30%, methanol and acetaldehyde emissions decreased. The sources of aldehydes were explored and were found to be formed from different sources in different temperature regions. At low temperature, acetaldehyde was partially derived from ethanol oxidation and partially from nheptane oxidation; formaldehyde emission was mainly contributed to by ethanol oxidation. At high temperature, acetaldehyde was mainly produced from ethanol oxidation; formaldehyde was partially formed from iso-octane oxidation and partially from the consumption of methanol.

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Simulating the effects of turbocharging on the emission levels of a gasoline engine

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

Outdoor Air Quality as Influenced by Vehicular Exhaust in Metropolitan City of Lahore, Pakistan

Outdoor Air Quality as Influenced by Vehicular Exhaust in Metropolitan City of Lahore, Pakistan

Environmental Pollution towards the Workplace in the Philippines

Oxidation of Ethanol Blended Gasoline Surrogates in a Flow Reactor

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