Simulating the Biological Effects of Toxicants in Aquatic Microcosm Systems

SWARTZMAN, GORDON; Rose, Kenneth A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-42386-3.50013-7

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 6 publications

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“…The effects of Daphnia mortality occurring at different times was investigated using MICMOD, Microcosm Model (Swartzman and Rose 1983/1984, Rose et al 1988, Swartzman et al 1989. When a 50% mortality (for one day) is imposed on all size groups of Ecological Applications Vol.…”

Section: Use Of a Model To Explore Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Information Contributed by Multispecies Systems: Examples From the Standardized Aquatic Microcosm

Taub

1997

Ecological Applications

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Single‐species toxicity tests are inadequate to predict the effects of chemicals in ecological communities although they provide data on the relative toxicity of different chemicals, and on the relative sensitivity of different organisms. Only multispecies studies can provide demonstrations of: (1) indirect trophic‐level effects, including increased abundances of species via increased food supply through reduced competition or reduced predation; (2) compensatory shifts within a trophic level; (3) responses to chemicals within the context of seasonal patterns that modify water chemistry and birth and death rates of populations; (4) chemical transformations by some organisms having effects on other organisms; and (5) persistence of parent and transformation products. Multispecies laboratory studies, such as the Standardized Aquatic Microcosm, have much to offer, with advantages of statistical power, speed of analyses, demonstrated reproducibility among laboratories, and modest expense (compared to field studies). The use of a chemically defined sediment facilitates the potential extraction of parent and transformation products by minimizing the problem of unextractable residues. The absence of fish prevents the potential elimination of zooplankton if fish predation exceeds production. Standardized Aquatic Microcosms also offer a wealth of analytical tools, including rapid statistical analyses, a mathematical model (MICMOD), and artificial intelligence methodologies.

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Section: Use Of a Model To Explore Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unique Information Contributed by Multispecies Systems: Examples From the Standardized Aquatic Microcosm

Taub

1997

Ecological Applications

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Results of Interlaboratory Testing of the Standardized Aquatic Microcosm Protocol

Taub

Kindig²,

Conquest

et al. 1988

Aquatic Toxicology and Environmental Fate: Eleventh Volume

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The “standardized aquatic microcosm” (SAM) protocol was performed by four laboratories, including the authors' laboratory, and the results of seven experiments are presented. Each laboratory tested the toxicant copper at three concentrations (500, 1000, and 2000 ppb) plus a control. Nitrate depletion and an early algal bloom which was terminated by an increase in grazers (mainly Daphnia) were consistently observed in the control microcosm. In comparison with controls, the copper-treated microcosms were associated with reductions in Daphnia and in sensitive algal populations. In all toxicant treatments, copper eliminated the Daphnia and inhibited primary production; the duration of inhibition was prolonged at the higher copper concentrations. At the lowest concentration, recovery was characterized by an algal bloom of copper-resistant green algae, which was followed by a Daphnia bloom. Recovery occurred in most of the 1000-ppb copper-treated microcosms but was usually absent at the 2000-ppb concentration until late in the experiment. All experiments exhibited the same sequence of events, but the timing of these events varied among experiments. Experiments provided similar statistical differences between control and treatment microcosms within the same experiment and gave the same rank order of the day-weighted-by-variable” (DWV) statistic, denned in the text. Comparison of the variable means on a day-by-day analysis of variance did show the experiments to be statistically different because of differences in the timing of events.

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Simulating the Biological Effects of Toxicants in Aquatic Microcosm Systems

Cited by 2 publications

References 6 publications

Unique Information Contributed by Multispecies Systems: Examples From the Standardized Aquatic Microcosm

Unique Information Contributed by Multispecies Systems: Examples From the Standardized Aquatic Microcosm

Results of Interlaboratory Testing of the Standardized Aquatic Microcosm Protocol

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