Simulating the behavior of volatiles belonging to the C–O–H–S system in silicate melts under magmatic conditions with the software D-Compress

Burgisser, Alain; Alletti, Marina; Scaillet, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2015.03.002

Cited by 103 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…a Thermal model over a period of 20 years. b Model fit over the observation period (Burgisser et al 2015). Across an appropriate range (10-1000 MPa) of crustal pressures, we calculate the amount and composition of exsolved gas and consequent bulk magma density (similar to the approach adopted in McCormick Kilbride et al (2016)).…”

Section: Outgassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

What causes subsidence following the 2011 eruption at Nabro (Eritrea)?

Hamlyn¹,

Wright

Walters

et al. 2018

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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A major goal in volcanology is to be able to constrain the physical properties of a volcanic system using surface observations. The behaviour of a volcanic system following an eruption can provide powerful constraints on these properties and can provide valuable information for understanding future hazard. We use spatially and temporally dense observations of surface deformation following the 12 June 2011 eruption of Nabro (Eritrea) to place constraints on the mechanics of its subsurface volcanic system. Nabro was imaged 129 times by TerraSAR-X and COSMO-SkyMed satellites during a 15-month period following the eruption. We have produced a detailed time series of the line-of-sight (LOS) displacements at Nabro, finding that the volcano subsides during the entire observation period at a decaying rate. We found significant atmospheric artefacts remained in the data set after a standard spatio-temporal filter was applied. Applying an empirical correction using a linear phase-elevation relationship removed artefacts but also removed real topographically correlated deformation. Instead, we were able to correct each SAR acquisition using independent delay estimates derived from the ECMWF ERA-Interim (ERA-I) global atmospheric model. The corrected time series can be modelled with the deflation of a Mogi source at ∼ 6.4 ± 0.3 km depth. Modelling the time series using viscoelastic relaxation of a shell which surrounds a spherical magma chamber can explain the observed subsidence without a source of further volume loss if the magma is compressible. CO 2 outgassing is also a possible cause of continued subsidence. Contraction due to cooling and crystallisation, however, is probably minor. If any post-eruptive recharge of the magmatic system at Nabro is occurring, the rate of recharge must be slower than the post-eruptive relaxation processes. Combined with the lack of pre-eruptive inflation, we suggest that recharge of the magmatic system at Nabro either occurs at a rate that is slower than our detection limit, or it occurs episodically. This case study demonstrates the power of long, dense geodetic time series at volcanoes.

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Section: Outgassingmentioning

confidence: 99%

What causes subsidence following the 2011 eruption at Nabro (Eritrea)?

Hamlyn¹,

Wright

Walters

et al. 2018

Prog Earth Planet Sci

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“…Several models and empirical parameterizations of water solubility in silicate melts have been developed, some of which recover the proportionality connecting water concentration and fH 2 O 0.5 at low pressures given by equation (4) (Stolper 1982a;Silver and Stolper 1989;Dixon et al 1995;Pineau et al 1998;Newman and Lowenstern 2002;Liu et al 2005) and others of which assume general power law relationships between water concentration and fH 2 O, some of which are inconsistent with Sieverts' law and equation (4) (Moore et al 1998;Papale et al 2006;Lesne et al 2010;Duan 2014;Shishkina et al 2014;Burgisser et al 2015). One aim of this study is to test the applicability of equation (4) to two geologically relevant silicate melt compositions at a total pressure of 1 atm.…”

Section: Speciation Of Water In Silicate Meltsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solubility of water in lunar basalt at low pH2O

Newcombe

Brett

Beckett

et al. 2017

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. AbstractWe report the solubility of water in Apollo 15 basaltic 'Yellow Glass' and an iron-free basaltic analog composition at 1 atm and 1350 °C. We equilibrated melts in a 1-atm furnace with flowing H 2 /CO 2 gas mixtures that spanned ~8 orders of magnitude in fO 2 (from three orders of magnitude more reducing than the iron-wüstite buffer, IW−3.0, to IW+4.8) and ~4 orders of magnitude in pH 2 /pH 2 O (from 0.003 to 24). Based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), our quenched experimental glasses contain 69-425 ppm total water (by weight). Our results demonstrate that under the conditions of our experiments: (1) hydroxyl is the only H-bearing species detected by FTIR; (2) the solubility of water is proportional to the square root of pH 2 O in the furnace atmosphere and is independent of fO 2 and pH 2 /pH 2 O; (3) the solubility of water is very similar in both melt compositions; (4) the concentration of H 2 in our iron-free experiments is <~4 ppm, even at oxygen fugacities as low as IW−2.3 and pH 2 /pH 2 O as high as 11; (5) Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) analyses of water in iron-rich glasses equilibrated under variable fO 2 conditions may be strongly influenced by matrix effects, even when the concentration of water in the glasses is low; and (6) Our results can be used to constrain the entrapment pressure of lunar melt inclusions and the partial pressures of water and molecular hydrogen in the carrier gas of the lunar pyroclastic glass beads. We find that the most water-rich melt inclusion of Hauri et al.(2011) would be in equilibrium with a vapor with pH 2 O ~3 bar and pH 2 ~8 bar. We constrain the partial pressures of water and molecular hydrogen in the carrier gas of the lunar pyroclastic glass beads to be 0.0005 bar and 0.0011 bar respectively. We calculate that batch degassing of lunar magmas containing initial volatile contents of 1200 ppm H 2 O (dissolved primarily as hydroxyl) and 4-64 ppm C would produce enough vapor to reach the critical vapor volume fraction thought to be required for magma 2 fragmentation (~65-75 vol. %) at a total pressure of ~5 bar (corresponding to a depth beneath the lunar surface of ~120 m). At a fragmentation pressure of ~5 bar, the calculated vapor composition is dominated by H 2 , supporting the hypothesis that H 2 , rather than CO, was the primary propellant of the lunar fire fountain eruptions. The results of our batch degassing model suggest that initial melt compositions with >~200 ppm C would be required for the vapor composition to be dominated by CO rather than H 2 at 65-75 % vesicularity.

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“…The low CO 2 contents of these glasses indicate that CO 2 degassing also took place. The low S contents of these glasses could be the result of the loss of sulfur to a vapor phase during degassing, however, the water depths of collection (2358-3800 mbsl) do not permit S degassing (S degassing occurs at water depths <1000 m) [e.g., Burgisser et al, 2015]. We emphasize that (1) the H 2 O-CO 2 contents are consistent with vapor saturation at the water depths of sample collection (Newman and Lowenstern, 2002), (2) the peaks of the reconstructed edifices (i.e., the estimated height above the seafloor of each of the volcanic cones before caldera formation or other mass wasting events) in the Fina Nagu volcanic chain remain in 2000 m water depth, and (3) the hand specimens of samples in this study, though moderately vesicular, do not have reticulitic or otherwise volcaniclastic-type textures typical of explosive underwater volcanism.…”

Section: Composition Of Fina Nagu Lavasmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fina Nagu volcanic complex: Unusual submarine arc volcanism in the rapidly deforming southern Mariana margin

Brounce

Kelley

Stern

et al. 2016

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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In the Mariana convergent margin, large arc volcanoes disappear south of Guam even though the Pacific plate continues to subduct and instead, small cones scatter on the seafloor. These small cones could form either due to decompression melting accompanying back-arc extension or flux melting, as expected for arc volcanoes, or as a result of both processes. Here, we report the major, trace, and volatile element compositions, as well as the oxidation state of Fe, in recently dredged, fresh pillow lavas from the Fina Nagu volcanic chain, an unusual alignment of small, closely spaced submarine calderas and cones southwest of Guam. We show that Fina Nagu magmas are the consequence of mantle melting due to infiltrating aqueous fluids and sediment melts sourced from the subducting Pacific plate into a depleted mantle wedge, similar in extent of melting to accepted models for arc melts. Fina Nagu magmas are not as oxidized as magmas elsewhere along the Mariana arc, suggesting that the subduction component responsible for producing arc magmas is either different or not present in the zone of melt generation for Fina Nagu, and that amphibole or serpentine mineral destabilization reactions are key in producing oxidized arc magmas. Individual Fina Nagu volcanic structures are smaller in volume than Mariana arc volcanoes, although the estimated cumulative volume of the volcanic chain is similar to nearby submarine arc volcanoes. We conclude that melt generation under the Fina Nagu chain occurs by similar mechanisms as under Mariana arc volcanoes, but that complex lithospheric deformation in the region distributes the melts among several small edifices that get younger to the northeast.

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Simulating the behavior of volatiles belonging to the C–O–H–S system in silicate melts under magmatic conditions with the software D-Compress

Cited by 103 publications

References 61 publications

What causes subsidence following the 2011 eruption at Nabro (Eritrea)?

What causes subsidence following the 2011 eruption at Nabro (Eritrea)?

Solubility of water in lunar basalt at low pH2O

The Fina Nagu volcanic complex: Unusual submarine arc volcanism in the rapidly deforming southern Mariana margin

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