Simulating soil fertility management effects on crop yield and soil nitrogen dynamics in field trials under organic farming in Europe

Doltra, Jordi; Gallejones, Patricia; Olesen, Jørgen E.; Hansen, Sissel; Frøseth, Randi Berland; Krauss, Maike; Stalenga, J.; Jończyk, K.; Martínez-Fernández, A.; Pacini, Cesare

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2018.12.008

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In general, unfertilised legumes have small N 2 O emissions during their growing period, particularly when grown in mixtures with non-legumes. Low N 2 O emission are found during growth of grain legumes (Rochette and Janzen, 2005;Dusenbury et al, 2008;Pappa et al, 2011;Jensen et al, 2012;Jeuffroy et al, 2013), green manure crops and CC (Baggs et al, 2000b;Brozyna et al, 2013;Li et al, 2015a;Peyrard et al, 2016;Shelton et al, 2018) as well as for grass-clover leys (Baggs et al, 2000b;Ball et al, 2002;Nadeem et al, 2012;Brozyna et al, 2013;Krauss et al, 2017b;Skinner et al, 2019). This is consistent with low SMN concentrations during growth (Sect.…”

Section: Legumes During Active Plant Growthsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Due to its high mobility in soil, NO 3 can easily be lost from the agroecosystem by leaching during periods with high drainage rates. A well-developed active root system enhances NO 3 uptake, whereas a poor root system will not utilise all of the NO 3 within the soil profile (Dunbabin et al, 2003). NO 3 remaining in the soil after the growing season of crops, or subsequently mineralised, will greatly increase the risk of leaching loss.…”

Section: Impacts Of Earthwormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching from organic arable crop rotations

et al. 2019

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The emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O) and leaching of nitrate (NO 3 ) from agricultural cropping systems have considerable negative impacts on climate and the environment. Although these environmental burdens are less per unit area in organic than in non-organic production on average, they are roughly similar per unit of product. If organic farming is to maintain its goal of being environmentally friendly, these loadings must be addressed. We discuss the impact of possible drivers of N 2 O emissions and NO 3 leaching within organic arable farming practice under European climatic conditions, and potential strategies to reduce these. Organic arable crop rotations are generally diverse with the frequent use of legumes, intercropping and organic fertilisers. The soil organic matter content and the share of active organic matter, soil structure, microbial and faunal activity are higher in such diverse rotations, and the yields are lower, than in non-organic arable cropping systems based on less diverse systems and inorganic fertilisers. Soil mineral nitrogen (SMN), N 2 O emissions and NO 3 leaching are low under growing crops, but there is the potential for SMN accumulation and losses after crop termination, harvest or senescence. The risk of high N 2 O fluxes increases when large amounts of herbage or organic fertilisers with readily available nitrogen (N) and degradable carbon are incorporated into the soil or left on the surface. Freezing/thawing, drying/rewetting, compacted and/or wet soil and mechanical mixing of crop residues into the soil further enhance the risk of high N 2 O fluxes. N derived from soil organic matter (background emissions) does, however, seem to be the most important driver for N 2 O emission from organic arable crop rotations, and the correlation between yearly total Ninput and N 2 O emissions is weak. Incorporation of N-rich plant residues or mechanical weeding followed by bare fallow conditions increases the risk of NO 3 leaching. In contrast, strategic use of deep-rooted crops with long growing seasons or effective cover crops in the rotation reduces NO 3 leaching risk. Enhanced recycling of herbage from green manures, crop residues and cover crops through biogas or com-Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2796 S. Hansen et al.: Review of N 2 O emissions and NO 3 leaching from organic arable rotations posting may increase N efficiency and reduce N 2 O emissions and NO 3 leaching. Mixtures of legumes (e.g. clover or vetch)and non-legumes (e.g. grasses or Brassica species) are as efficient cover crops for reducing NO 3 leaching as monocultures of non-legume species. Continued regular use of cover crops has the potential to reduce NO 3 leaching and enhance soil organic matter but may enhance N 2 O emissions. There is a need to optimise the use of crops and cover crops to enhance the synchrony of mineralisation with crop N uptake to enhance crop productivity, and this will concurrently reduce the long-term risks of NO 3 leaching and N 2 O emissions.

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Section: Legumes During Active Plant Growthsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Impacts Of Earthwormsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N2O emissions and NO3 leaching from organic arable crop rotations

et al. 2019

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“…Our results showed that GM increased nutrient contents and stocks compared to those under the winter fallow treatment, and the highest increase in available N content was under the R-R-M treatment (Figure 2). Non-leguminous cover crops decrease nutrient leaching and enhance nutrient availability [58]. Leguminous cover crops enhance N availability and therefore increase crop yield by improving N use efficiency [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Green Manure Rotations Improve Soil Biochemical Properties, Yield Sustainability and Nutrient Balances in Acidic Paddy Soil under a Rice-Based Cropping System

et al. 2019

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Cultivation of green manure (GM) crops in intensive cropping systems is important for enhancing crop productivity through soil quality improvement. We investigated yield sustainability, nutrient stocks, nutrient balances and enzyme activities affected by different long-term (1982–2016) green manure rotations in acidic paddy soil in a double-rice cropping system. We selected four treatments from a long-term experiment, including (1) rice-rice-winter fallow as a control treatment (R-R-F), (2) rice-rice-milkvetch (R-R-M), (3) rice-rice-rapeseed (R-R-R), and (4) rice-rice-ryegrass (R-R-G). The results showed that different GM rotations increased grain yield and the sustainable yield index compared with those of the R-R-F treatment. Compared with those of R-R-F, the average grain yield of early rice in R-R-M, R-R-R, and R-R-G increased by 45%, 29%, and 27%, respectively and that of late rice increased by 46%, 28%, and 26%, respectively. Over the years, grain yield increased in all treatments except R-R-F. Green manure also improved the soil chemical properties (SOM and total and available N and P), except soil pH, compared to those of the control treatment. During the 1983–1990 cultivation period, the soil pH of the R-R-M treatment was lower than that of the R-R-F treatment. The addition of green manure did not mitigate the soil acidification caused by the use of inorganic fertilizers. The soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents and stocks of C, N and P increased over the years. Furthermore, GM significantly increased phosphatase and urease activities and decreased the apparent N and P balances compared with those in the winter fallow treatment. Variance partitioning analysis revealed that soil properties, cropping systems, and climatic factors significantly influenced annual grain yield. Aggregated boosted tree (ABT) analysis quantified the relative influences of the different soil properties on annual grain yield and showed that the relative influences of TN content, SOM, pH, and TP content on annual crop yield were 27.8%, 25.7%, 22.9%, and 20.7%, respectively. In conclusion, GM rotation is beneficial for sustaining high crop yields by improving soil biochemical properties and reducing N and P balances in acidic soil under double- rice cropping systems.

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“…Therefore, a certain strategy should be adapted for each kind of these soils. Therefore, there is a crucial need for more understanding of the fundamental principles of soil fertility and plant nutrition, which can help us to develop and extend optimized field practices and to improve public policies to ensure sustainable food production (Doltra et al 2019;Sánchez-Navarro et al 2019). Concerning the sustainable management of saltaffected soils in Kafr El-Sheikh, some strategies may be used including the managing of the leaching of excess soluble salts and prevent the accumulation of these salts in soil profile, removal of soluble salts through the improved drainage, using the proper irrigation and fertilization methods (Mohamed 2017).…”

Section: Sustainable Management Of Soil Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stressful Environments and Sustainable Soil Management: A Case Study of Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt

El-Ramady

Abowaly

Elbehiry

et al. 2019

EBSS

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S TRESSED environments have long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields. So, many considerable literatures have grown up around this theme. In Egypt, there are several common problems related to the stressed environments. These stresses include decline of soil fertility, soil salinity and alkalinity, soil water logging, salt-affected soils, soil pollution, climate change, overpopulation growth, urban sprawl, land degradation, deterioration of natural resources, etc. More generally, national income will decline and will in turn result in the spread of social and political problems. Kafr El-Sheikh governorate can be considered one of the most important areas in Egypt, which calls "the governorate of the hope and the future" due to its location and wealths. Whereas, this governorate suffers from the most common stresses in Egypt including pollution, salinity, alkalinity and waterlogging. Great problems have been recorded in Kafr El-Sheikh related to stressed environments and suggested solutions also have been addressed. Therefore, a sustainable management should be adapted for overcoming these stressed environments in Kafr El-Sheikh.

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Simulating soil fertility management effects on crop yield and soil nitrogen dynamics in field trials under organic farming in Europe

Cited by 32 publications

References 57 publications

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NO<sub>3</sub> leaching from organic arable crop rotations

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NO<sub>3</sub> leaching from organic arable crop rotations

Long-Term Green Manure Rotations Improve Soil Biochemical Properties, Yield Sustainability and Nutrient Balances in Acidic Paddy Soil under a Rice-Based Cropping System

Stressful Environments and Sustainable Soil Management: A Case Study of Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt

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Simulating soil fertility management effects on crop yield and soil nitrogen dynamics in field trials under organic farming in Europe

Cited by 32 publications

References 57 publications

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions and NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; leaching from organic arable crop rotations

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O emissions and NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; leaching from organic arable crop rotations

Long-Term Green Manure Rotations Improve Soil Biochemical Properties, Yield Sustainability and Nutrient Balances in Acidic Paddy Soil under a Rice-Based Cropping System

Stressful Environments and Sustainable Soil Management: A Case Study of Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt

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Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NO<sub>3</sub> leaching from organic arable crop rotations

Reviews and syntheses: Review of causes and sources of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions and NO<sub>3</sub> leaching from organic arable crop rotations