Simulating real-world scenes viewed through ophthalmic lenses

Abstract

We present a comprehensive procedure to simulate real-world scenes viewed through ophthalmic lenses. Such a method enables us to anticipate the effects on image formation of the following combined undesired optical defects typically found in ophthalmic lenses: blur, distortion, and chromatic aberration. Additionally, it helps in comparing the expected scenes seen with different lens designs. The procedure is based on the following steps: (1) to calculate the distortion and local dioptric matrix associated with a set of different gaze directions; (2) to estimate point spread functions (PSF) associated with these matrices; (3) to compute the joint action of distortion, chromatic aberration, and PSF field on the scenes. We illustrate this procedure with two +5D spherical lenses: a moderately good performance lens and a highly degrading one. The method is suitable to evaluate ophthalmic lenses in a virtual reality framework.

Computational estimation of point-spread-function field in axially symmetric optical systems

“…Once the PSF field is estimated (with the addition of the chromatic dependence of the PSF) there are several ways to simulate the spatially variant PSF image formation. We partially addressed this problem in the field of ophthalmic optics [20]. Simplest approach is to divide the PSF field in sections where it can be approximated as isoplanatic (space-invariant PSF), and subsequently convolve each image section with its corresponding PSF followed by combining the resulting image patches [4,5,21].…”

Rendering algorithms for aberrated human vision simulation

“…Watson [38] The author used Zernike aberration coefficients and the Fourier transformation to efficiently compute the PSFs of the human eye for varying pupil sizes and object distances Vision simulation was limited to a single object plane Tang and Xiao [39] This work simulated low-order eye aberrations in real-time using an elliptical Gaussian kernel and per-pixel blur field to support peripheral vision and variable eye parameters Higher-order aberrations (HOA) and chromatic effects were not supported Barbero and Portilla [40] The authors used local dioptric matrices to simulate vision through progressive lenses at different gaze directions and approximated the PSFs using samples placed on an ellipse…”

“…Barbero and Portilla [40] approximated the PSF using a uniform elliptical disk. For each output pixel, the result is produced by taking a fixed set of samples from the neighborhood, based on the corresponding blur ellipse.…”

VisionaryVR: An Optical Simulation Tool for Evaluating and Optimizing Vision Correction Solutions in Virtual Reality

“…In their system, they additionally visualize the refractive power and astigmatism that allow a quality assessment of special-purpose lenses for sports or reading. Another work on VR simulators for vision science was published by Barbero et al [ 9 ]. Their work shows a procedure to simulate real-world scenes through spectacle lenses.…”