Simulating process settings for unslaved SOFC response to increases in load demand

Haynes, Comas

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(02)00088-5

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The SOFC response is fundamentally limited by the performance of the fuel preprocessor and the amount of hydrogen present in the anode compartment [7,11,17]. The SOFC system model presented herein is therefore simplified by only capturing fuel transient effects within the fuel processor and fuel cell, which limits SOFC system transient performance.…”

Section: Solid Oxide Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of one-cycle control to improve the interconnection of a solid oxide fuel cell and electric power system with a dynamic load

Auld

Mueller

Smedley

et al. 2008

Journal of Power Sources

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Adding distributed generation (DG) is a desirable strategy for providing highly efficient and environmentally benign services for electric power, heating, and cooling. The interface between a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), typical loads, and the electrical grid is simulated in Matlab/Simulink and analyzed to assess the interactions between DG and the electrical grid. A commercial building load profile is measured during both steady-state and transient conditions. The load data are combined with the following models that are designed to account for physical features: a One-Cycle Control grid-connected inverter, a One-Cycle Control active power filter, an SOFC, and capacitor storage. High penetration of DG without any power filter increases the percentage of undesirable harmonics provided by the grid, but combined use of an inverter and active power filter allows the DG system interconnection to improve the grid tie-line flow by lowering total harmonic distortion and increasing the power factor to unity.

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Section: Solid Oxide Fuel Cellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of one-cycle control to improve the interconnection of a solid oxide fuel cell and electric power system with a dynamic load

Auld

Mueller

Smedley

et al. 2008

Journal of Power Sources

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“…The selection of any one particular level depends on the scale of the problem being studied (e.g., full plant ( Padulles et al, 2000;Petruzzi et al, 2003;Ferrari et al, 2005) versus single cell (Achenbach, 1994(Achenbach, , 1995Haynes, 2002;Ivers-Tiffeé et al, 2004;Xue et al, 2005;Aguiar et al, 2005). In this section we begin with a simple lumped model for the thermal dynamics of an SOFC.…”

Section: Example Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Modeling of Fuel Cells

Gemmen

2008

Modeling Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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The analysis of fuel cells can be divided into two areas, steady state modeling and dynamic modeling. Prior chapters largely focused on the fundamental principles and present practices for modeling the steady state performance of fuel cells and fuel cell systems. For these situations, stable conditions exist at all points in the system, and process performance parameters, such as efficiency, are precisely described. This chapter opens the door to the study of the dynamic behavior of fuel cells and fuel cell stacks. (Full system dynamic analysis, where both stacks and other balance of plant dynamics are modeled, is considered separately in Chapter 8. In this chapter, important capacitive elements in the fuel cell process are identified and modeled. While some inductive-type behavior has been noted within the literature (see Section 9.2.1), little advancement has been made to develop physical models to support such transient behavior for the cell per se; therefore, our attention is focused primarily on capacitive behavior only. These capacitive elements control the rate at which process parameters change due to changes in other coupled process parameters. For example, thermal capacitance controls the rate of cell temperature change due to an imbalance between internal energy sources and boundary energy transfers.There is significant motivation for the dynamic modeling of SOFC components and systems (Bistolfi et al., 1996;Benhaddad and Protkova, 2005). The author of this chapter has participated in the experimental testing of both individual cells and complete fuel cell systems, and it is usual that the greatest concern for failure is during a change in state from one steady operating condition to another. Often the greatest concern exists during startup or shutdown where the unit passes through one of its largest transitions. However, it is not just the magnitude of transition that is important. The speed at which the transition occurs is also of concern. Transitions from one steady state to another that occur slowly (relative to criteria to be given later), can be assumed to be quasi-steady in which the cell/stack simply passes through a series of steady states. Transitions that occur more quickly relative to the R. Bove and S. Ubertini (eds.), Modeling Solid Oxide Fuel Cells,

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“…Fuel cells themselves are able to respond sufficiently fast to load changes due to their rapid electrochemical reaction rates [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic performance of an in-rack proton exchange membrane fuel cell battery system to power servers

Brouwer

James

et al. 2017

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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a b s t r a c tTo improve the reliability and the energy efficiency of data centers, as well as to reduce infrastructure costs and environmental impacts, we experimentally evaluated in-rack powering of servers with a hybrid 12 kW Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and battery system. The steady state and the transient performance of the PEMFC and battery in response to dynamic AC loads and real server loads have been evaluated and characterized. The PEMFC system responds quickly and reproducibly to load changes directly from the server rack. Peak efficiency of 55.2% in a single server rack can be achieved. The effect of fuel cell coolant temperature on the hybrid system transient behavior is also captured and evaluated. The observed PEMFC transient responses obtained from the experiments were used to design the size of the energy storage component for the hybrid system. Simulations and analysis of various types of energy storage devices for the hybrid system were carried out. To provide power to meet the most significant transient demand, energy storage capacity greater than 0.3 kWh is required for all battery types, while only 0.053 kWh capacity is required for the ultracapacitor. During charging, the ultracapacitor uses the shortest amount of time to recover to the original SOC, while the charging duration for the lead acid battery is twice as long as that of the ultracapacitor.

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Simulating process settings for unslaved SOFC response to increases in load demand

Cited by 31 publications

References 13 publications

Applications of one-cycle control to improve the interconnection of a solid oxide fuel cell and electric power system with a dynamic load

Applications of one-cycle control to improve the interconnection of a solid oxide fuel cell and electric power system with a dynamic load

Dynamic Modeling of Fuel Cells

Dynamic performance of an in-rack proton exchange membrane fuel cell battery system to power servers

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