Simulating PM2.5 Concentrations during New Year in Cuenca, Ecuador: Effects of Advancing the Time of Burning Activities

Parra, René; Saud, Claudia; Espinoza, Claudia

doi:10.3390/toxics10050264

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The world is facing significant challenges related to the deterioration of air quality, primarily due to high concentrations of emissions from anthropogenic sources such as urbanization, industrialization, and vehicular traffic, this is compounded by a lack of environmental awareness [1,2]. Fireworks displays are a global phenomenon, deeply rooted in familial and social settings [3], and are a habitual practice worldwide during folk, religious, sporting, political events, and holidays. Notable festivities associated with extensive fireworks usage include New Year's Eve, Diwali Festival (India), and Spring Festival (China) [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5 and PM10 Airborne Concentrations Resulting from Fireworks During Festivities: A Systematic Review

Reategui-Inga,

Valdiviezo,

Guerra Lu

et al. 2024

IJSDP

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The burning of fireworks damages air quality by causing elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in short periods of time. In this context, the research aimed to compare airborne concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 from fireworks with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline. The applied methodology involved the use of the PRISMA 2020 statement. The literature review was conducted on digital databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and Ebsco. Annual growth in scientific production was calculated using a digital tool (Calcuvio), and data analysis was performed using Microsoft Office Excel and VOSviewer. The annual growth in production (1999 to 2022) was 18.74%. The highest scientific production per year was concentrated in 2019 and 2020, with China being the leading country. The festivities where sound pressure levels were predominantly measured were during the Spring Festival and Diwali. The most frequently mentioned keywords were "fireworks" and "PM2.5". In conclusion, the percentage of studies that exceeded the NAAQS for PM2.5 and PM10 was 2% and 15%, respectively, while for the WHO guideline, it was only 1% for PM10.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PM2.5 and PM10 Airborne Concentrations Resulting from Fireworks During Festivities: A Systematic Review

Reategui-Inga,

Valdiviezo,

Guerra Lu

et al. 2024

IJSDP

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“…To achieve vibrant colors, additional components, such as magnesium powder, iron powder, aluminum powder, antimony powder, and inorganic salts, are incorporated into the manufacturing process. Unfortunately, fireworks burning leads to multiple forms of pollution, including noise pollution [ 13 , 14 , 15 ], light pollution, and significant amounts of litter. Furthermore, fireworks release substantial quantities of particulate pollutants and gas pollutants, such as SO 2 and NO x (nitrogen oxides), which significantly contribute to the deterioration of air quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Singh et al found that a government ban on fireworks burning during the COVID-19 period resulted in effective pollution prevention and control during Diwali [ 44 ]. Parra et al modeled changes in PM 2.5 concentration and observed a decrease, with regards to an earlier fireworks display [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fireworks Burning on Air Quality during the Chinese Spring Festival—Evidence from Zhengzhou, China

Liu,

Yang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Fireworks burning significantly degrades air quality over a short duration. The prohibition of fireworks burning (POFB) policy of 2016 and the restricted-hours fireworks burning (RHFB) policy of 2023 in Zhengzhou City provide an ideal opportunity to investigate the effects of such policies and of fireworks burning on air quality during the Spring Festival period. Based on air quality ground-based monitoring data and meteorological data for Zhengzhou City, the article analyzes the impact of the POFB policy and the RHFB policy on air quality. The results show that: (1) The ban on fireworks burning significantly affects Spring Festival air quality, with a decrease of 16.0% in the Air Quality Index (AQI) value in 2016 compared to 2015 and a 74.9% increase in 2023 compared to 2022. (2) From 2016 to 2022, the Spring Festival period witnessed a substantial decrease in average concentration of main pollutants, along with a delayed occurrence of peak concentrations, indicating a noticeable “peak-shaving” effect. However, in 2023, there was an increase in pollutant concentrations, volatility, and a significant surge in hourly concentration. (3) The POFB policy and RHFB policy notably impacted PM2.5 and PM10, with a decrease of 16.1% and 23.6% in PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, respectively, in 2016 compared to 2015, but an increase of 74.5% and 79.2%, respectively, in 2023 compared to 2022. (4) The contribution of fireworks burning to PM2.5 concentrations significantly decreased during the fireworks burning period (FBP) in 2016 after the POFB policy and increased significantly in 2023 during FBP after the implementation of the RHFB policy. Unfavorable meteorological conditions will undoubtedly exacerbate air quality pollution caused by fireworks burning.

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Assessment of Land Surface Schemes from the WRF-Chem for Atmospheric Modeling in the Andean Region of Ecuador

Parra

2023

Atmosphere

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Surface interactions occur near the land–atmosphere interface, thus affecting the temperature, convection, boundary layer, and stability of the atmosphere. A proper representation of surface interactions is a crucial component for numerical atmospheric and air quality modeling. We assessed four land surface schemes—1. 5–layer thermal diffusion scheme (1 5-Layer); 2. unified Noah land surface model (2 Noah); 3. rapid update cycle (3 RUC) land surface model; and 4. Pleim–Xiu land surface model (4 Pleim–Xiu)—from the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem V3.2) model for the purposes of atmospheric modeling in Cuenca, which is a region with a complex topography and land use configuration and which is located in the Southern Andean region, in Ecuador. For this purpose, we modeled the meteorological and air quality variables during September 2014. It was found that the meteorological and short-term air quality variables were better modeled through the 2 Noah scheme. Long-term (mean monthly) air quality variables were better modeled by the 1 5–Layer and 3 RUC options. On average, the 2 Noah scheme was better at modeling meteorology and air quality. In addition, we assessed the 2 Noah scheme combined with the urban canopy model (UCM) (5 Noah UCM), which was developed as an option to represent the urban effects at a subgrid-scale. Results indicated that the performance of the 5 Noah UCM scheme was not better at modeling than the 2 Noah scheme alone. Moreover, the 5 Noah UCM scheme notably decreased the modeling performance for carbon monoxide and fine particulate matter. These results complement previous assessments of other schemes, allowing us to recommend a basic configuration of parameters for atmospheric modeling in the Andean region of Ecuador.

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Simulating PM2.5 Concentrations during New Year in Cuenca, Ecuador: Effects of Advancing the Time of Burning Activities

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

PM2.5 and PM10 Airborne Concentrations Resulting from Fireworks During Festivities: A Systematic Review

PM2.5 and PM10 Airborne Concentrations Resulting from Fireworks During Festivities: A Systematic Review

Effects of Fireworks Burning on Air Quality during the Chinese Spring Festival—Evidence from Zhengzhou, China

Assessment of Land Surface Schemes from the WRF-Chem for Atmospheric Modeling in the Andean Region of Ecuador

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