Simulating onset and evolution of thermal runaway in Li-ion cells using a coupled thermal and venting model

Ostanek, Jason K.; Li, Weisi; Mukherjee, Partha P.; Crompton, K. R.; Hacker, Christopher

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114972

Cited by 86 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The classical paper by Hatchard et al laid the groundwork for thermal abuse models of Li-ion cells using three decomposition reactions: SEI decomposition, reaction of anode and electrolyte, and cathode decomposition (Hatchard et al, 2001). Since then, many studies have built on the original model framework to account for additional reactions (Kim et al, 2007;Ren et al, 2018;Xu et al, 2018), to consider different cell chemistries (Peng and Jiang, 2016;Dong et al, 2018;Bugryniec et al, 2020), to account for aging (Prada et al, 2012;Abada et al, 2018;Larsson et al, 2018), to investigate different thermal management strategies (Chen et al, 2016;Lopez et al, 2016;Bugryniec et al, 2020), and to account for gas generation from decomposition reactions (Coman et al, 2017;Ostanek et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evaporation model of Coman et al (Coman et al, 2017) assumed the electrolyte is in a state of vaporliquid-equilibrium (VLE) prior to venting. Our previous work (Ostanek et al, 2020;Parhizi et al, 2021) built upon the lumped model approach and included a model for non-VLE evaporation after venting using a constant-rate and decaying-rate drying model. For oven tests and other slow heating abuse tests, the cell temperature decreases after vent-activation because of the heat absorbed during non-VLE evaporation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Resolution 3-D Simulations of Venting in 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells

Quiroga

Crompton

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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High temperature gases released through the safety vent of a lithium-ion cell during a thermal runaway event contain flammable components that, if ignited, can increase the risk of thermal runaway propagation to other cells in a multi-cell pack configuration. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of flow through detailed geometric models of four vent-activated commercial 18650 lithium-ion cell caps were conducted using two turbulence modeling approaches: Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and scale-resolving simulations (SRS). The RANS method was compared with independent experiments of discharge coefficient through the cap across a range of pressure ratios and then used to investigate the ensemble-averaged flow field for the four caps. At high pressure ratios, choked flow occurs either at the current collector plate when flow through the current collector plate is more restrictive or the positive terminal vent holes when flow through the current collector plate is less restrictive. Turbulent mixing occurred within the vent cap assembly, in the jets emerging from the vent holes, and in recirculating zones directly above the vent cap assembly. The global maximum turbulent viscosity ratio (μT/μ) of the MTI, LG MJ1, K2, and LG M36 caps at pressure ratio of P1/P2 = 7 were 4,575, 3,360, 3,855, and 2,993, respectively. SRS and RANS simulations showed that both velocity magnitude and fluctuating velocity magnitude were lower for vent holes which are obstructed by the burst disk. SRS showed high levels of fluctuating velocity in the jets, up to 48.5% of the global maximum velocity. The present CFD models and the resulting insights provide the groundwork for future studies to investigate how jet structure and turbulence levels influence combustion and heat transfer in propagating thermal runaway scenarios.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Resolution 3-D Simulations of Venting in 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells

Quiroga

Crompton

et al. 2021

Front. Energy Res.

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“…19 This process also forms flammable gases and oxygen, which can be ignited by different mechanisms as high local temperatures, short-circuit, etc. 20 This flame can be sustained out of the cell while the gases are vented and provoke the thermal runaway of the neighborhood cells. 21,22 Thus, understanding the mechanisms behind the thermal runaway initiation to enable strategies that assure a safe battery operation is of utmost importance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical analysis of kinetic mechanisms for battery thermal runaway prediction in lithium-ion batteries

García

Monsalve‐Serrano

Sari

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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The urgent need for reducing the carbon dioxide emissions has led to the powertrain electrification at different levels such as hybridization or pure electric vehicles. Despite the benefits in terms of local pollution reduction and lower carbon dioxide footprint that may be achieved with this technology, new hazards have been introduced. Among them, the combustion of the battery pack due to abuse conditions, also known as thermal runaway, is one of the biggest concerns. It can lead to the vehicle combustion under unnoticed failure conditions, threating the driver security. In this sense, different investigations have been carried out with the aim of providing a proper description of the reactions that lead to this phenomenon. Reaction mechanisms have been proposed in the literature for lithium-ion battery considering the most common battery chemistries. Nonetheless, their application leads to different results, which may hinder their utilization in modeling critical operating conditions for thermal runaway. This investigation proposes a detailed assessment of the most common reaction mechanisms, comparing their capability on reproducing the different reaction paths that lead to thermal runaway conditions to explore and depict state of the art of thermal runaway modeling. Additionally, a detailed analysis is performed to define the differences in terms of decomposition and formation reactions for each one of them. The results of this investigation demonstrate that the mechanism proposed by Kriston provides the best results trade-off considering different investigations in differential scanning calorimeter and accelerated rate calorimeter. In addition, it was found that some mechanisms have been adjusted to perform similar to the experimental results, even in the case of not having a physical meaning.

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“…Based on these theories, a thermal-gas coupling model is established to simulate the heat and gas generation under overheat conditions, and a fundamental basis for studying the gas generation by side reaction heat is demonstrated. 29 Although these researchers have already provided insights into the gas generation mechanism for typical chemical reactions inside the cell, few have aimed at investigating correlations between mechanical response and the gas exhaust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental study on the mechanical characteristics of Li‐ion battery during overcharge‐induced thermal runaway

Lei

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Simulating onset and evolution of thermal runaway in Li-ion cells using a coupled thermal and venting model

Cited by 86 publications

References 30 publications

High Resolution 3-D Simulations of Venting in 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells

High Resolution 3-D Simulations of Venting in 18650 Lithium-Ion Cells

Numerical analysis of kinetic mechanisms for battery thermal runaway prediction in lithium-ion batteries

An experimental study on the mechanical characteristics of Li‐ion battery during overcharge‐induced thermal runaway

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