Simulating climate change: temperature extremes but not means diminish performance in a widespread butterfly

Bauerfeind, Stephanie S.; Fischer, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s10144-013-0409-y

Cited by 67 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…However, recent data support the notion that extreme heat events, even of short duration or when occurring only once, are highly detrimental for species' performance and survival, and that averaging daily temperature will not capture these effects (4,56,88,116,126).…”

Section: Fluctuating Temperatures During Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Temperature in the field fluctuates, and the impact of these variations has been recognized in areas as diverse as forensic entomology (18,53), thermal tolerance physiology (9,80,96), biocontrol (13,28), insect-mediated pollination (98,124), disease vector biology (73,87) and simulated climate warming studies (4,10,56,116,126).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently, FTs are under extensive investigation in the context of climate change and the extrapolation of laboratory studies to the field, with the goal of incorporating thermal variability and extreme events in ecological and physiological studies (4,109,116).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insects in Fluctuating Thermal Environments

Colinet

Sinclair

Vernon

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

620

639

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All climate change scenarios predict an increase in both global temperature means and the magnitude of seasonal and diel temperature variation. The nonlinear relationship between temperature and biological processes means that fluctuating temperatures lead to physiological, life history, and ecological consequences for ectothermic insects that diverge from those predicted from constant temperatures. Fluctuating temperatures that remain within permissive temperature ranges generally improve performance. By contrast, those which extend to stressful temperatures may have either positive impacts, allowing repair of damage accrued during exposure to thermal extremes, or negative impacts from cumulative damage during successive exposures. We discuss the mechanisms underlying these differing effects. Fluctuating temperatures could be used to enhance or weaken insects in applied rearing programs, and any prediction of insect performance in the field—including models of climate change or population performance—must account for the effect of fluctuating temperatures.

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Section: Fluctuating Temperatures During Heat Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insects in Fluctuating Thermal Environments

Colinet

Sinclair

Vernon

et al. 2015

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

620

639

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“…Temperature has nonlinear effects on rates of biochemical processes, organism physiology, life history and population growth 18,19 , and ecological interactions 20 . Because of these ubiquitous nonlinear effects of temperature, changes in temperature variation can have profound physiological and ecological impacts that match or even exceed the effects of mean temperatures 8,9,21 . Understanding and predicting the biological consequences of climate change will require knowledge not only of changes in mean temperatures, but also of changes in temperature variation 22 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Recent geographic convergence in diurnal and annual temperature cycling flattens global thermal profiles

2014

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Warming mean temperatures over the past century 1 have probably shifted distributions 2 , altered phenologies 3 , increased extinction risks 4,5 , and impacted agriculture 6 and human health 7 . However, knowledge of mean temperatures alone does not provide a complete understanding either of changes in the climate itself or of how changing climate will a ect organisms 8-11 . Temporal temperature variation, primarily driven by daily and annual temperature cycles, has profound e ects on organism physiology 8,9 and ecology 12 , yet changes in temperature cycling over the past 40 years are still poorly understood 1,13 . Here we estimate global changes in the magnitudes of diurnal and annual temperature cycles from 1975 to 2013 from an analysis of over 1.4 billion hourly temperature measurements from 7,906 weather stations. Increases in daily temperature variation since 1975 in polar (1.4 • C), temperate (1.0 • C) and tropical (0.3 • C) regions parallel increases in mean temperature. Concurrently, magnitudes of annual temperature cycles decreased by 0.6 • C in polar regions, increased by 0.4 • C in temperate regions, and remained largely unchanged in tropical regions. Stronger increases in daily temperature cycling relative to changes in annual temperature cycling in temperate and polar regions mean that, with respect to diurnal and annual cycling, the world is flattening as temperate and polar regions converge on tropical temperature cycling profiles.The global increase in mean temperature 1 and its effects on organisms 4,12,14,15 are well documented. However, knowledge of mean temperature alone has important limitations when applied to problems of ecology 16,17 . Temperature has nonlinear effects on rates of biochemical processes, organism physiology, life history and population growth 18,19 , and ecological interactions 20 . Because of these ubiquitous nonlinear effects of temperature, changes in temperature variation can have profound physiological and ecological impacts that match or even exceed the effects of mean temperatures 8,9,21 . Understanding and predicting the biological consequences of climate change will require knowledge not only of changes in mean temperatures, but also of changes in temperature variation 22 .So far, temporal temperature variation has primarily been described in terms of changing extremes 1,23 . Analyses of monthly and yearly averages of daily temperature extremes reveal that daily and annual minimum and maximum temperatures have increased across the globe since 1950 1 . Larger increases in minimum temperatures have driven reductions in the differences between daily and seasonal extremes (diurnal temperature range and extreme temperature range), suggesting a global decrease in daily and annual temperature variation 1 . However, the time window over which data are averaged can strongly affect not only the likelihood of detecting trends in temperature variability, but also the direction of those trends 22 . Further, the monthly and yearly temperature means analysed for these studies ma...

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“…Although persistent changes in mean temperature will have chronic effects on fitness, thermal extremes are acute and often result in death (Welbergen et al 2008, McKechnie and Wolf 2010, Bauerfeind and Fischer 2014. The ability to survive extreme events (thermal or otherwise) will determine whether an individual or population persists in a changing environment (Parmesan et al 2000, Culumber and Monks 2014, Lynch et al 2014 because the probability of extreme weather events, rather than higher mean temperatures, correlate with upper thermal tolerances (critical thermal maximum, CT Max ) (Clusella-Trullas et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When hot rocks get hotter: behavior and acclimatization mitigate exposure to extreme temperatures in a spider

2015

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Abstract. In environments where animals have a high probability of encountering temperatures close to their thermal limits, animals with the capacity to minimize the chances of encountering these temperatures will be advantaged. We investigated the physiological and behavioral mechanisms used by flat rock spiders, Morebilus plagusius, to avoid encountering lethal or sub-lethal temperatures on sandstone outcrops by measuring their critical thermal maximum (CT Max ) in spring and summer and quantifying their retreat rock use. Morebilus plagusius has a high CT Max , which acclimatizes seasonally (spring CT Max : 48.38 6 0.28C; summer CT Max : 49.68 6 0.38C). By measuring the operative temperatures available to spiders underneath rocks in spring and summer and quantifying retreat rock use by adult spiders we found that random use of rocks by spiders would frequently expose them to temperatures above their thermal tolerances, especially in summer. Spiders non-randomly used rocks as diurnal retreats, with rocks with a large area and a rock substratum being positively correlated with M. plagusius occupancy. Rocks large in area provided cooler daytime shelters than exfoliated rocks with smaller area. Morebilus plagusius uses both physiological and behavioral mechanisms for avoiding lethal temperatures, and neither physiological nor behavioral mechanisms alone are enough to mitigate the increased probability of encountering lethal temperatures in summer. Our results highlight the importance of an integrative approach, incorporating behavioral, ecological and physiological mechanisms in accessing how animals avoid lethal temperatures in thermally extreme environments.

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Simulating climate change: temperature extremes but not means diminish performance in a widespread butterfly

Cited by 67 publications

References 61 publications

Insects in Fluctuating Thermal Environments

Insects in Fluctuating Thermal Environments

Recent geographic convergence in diurnal and annual temperature cycling flattens global thermal profiles

When hot rocks get hotter: behavior and acclimatization mitigate exposure to extreme temperatures in a spider

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