Simulating chemistry–aerosol–cloud–radiation–climate feedbacks over the continental U.S. using the online-coupled Weather Research Forecasting Model with chemistry (WRF/Chem)

Zhang, Yang; Wen, Xin-Yu; Jang, Carey

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.05.056

Cited by 208 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…For daily episodes on 19th and 29th January a local increase in solar radiation appears of up to 10.0 W m -2 . A similar effect of atmospheric heating by up to 26.0 W m -2 was noticed by Zhang et al (2010) over the ocean and western US Changes in air temperature in the atmosphere cause changes in monthly mean PBLH. Monthly mean PBLH changes in the range of ±5 m for 58 % of the study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…ZHANG et al (2010) applied WRF-Chem over North America at a 36 km 9 36 km resolution to examine the influence of direct and indirect feedback effects on meteorology and photolysis rate. Despite the relatively coarse resolution, the results of ZHANG et al (2010) indicated the potential importance of the aerosol feedbacks on a regional scale, even at a time scale of a month. Similar studies on feedback effects have been undertaken for Europe by FORKEL et al (2012), where the WRF-Chem model was implemented at a resolution of 22.5 9 22.5 km.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol-Radiation Feedback and PM10 Air Concentrations Over Poland

Werner

Kryza

Skjøth

et al. 2016

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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Abstract-We have implemented the WRF-Chem model version 3.5 over Poland to quantify the direct and indirect feedback effects of aerosols on simulated meteorology and aerosol concentrations. Observations were compared with results from three simulations at high spatial resolutions of 5 9 5 km: (1) BASEwithout any aerosol feedback effects; (2) DIR-with direct aerosolradiative effects (3) INDIR-with direct and indirect aerosol-radiative effects. We study the overall effect during January 2011 as well as selected episodes of the highest differences in PM 10 concentrations between the three simulations. For the DIR simulation, the decrease in monthly mean incoming solar radiation (SWDOWN) appears for the entire study area. It changes geographically, from about -8.0 to -2.0 W m -2 , respectively for the southern and northern parts of the country. The highest changes do not correspond to the highest PM 10 concentration. Due to the solar radiation changes, the surface mean monthly temperature (T2) decreases for 96 % of the area of Poland, but not more than 1.0°C. Monthly mean PBLH changes by more than ±5 m for 53 % of the domain. Locally the differences in PBLH between the DIR and BASE are higher than ± 20 m. Due to the direct effect, for 84 % of the domain, the mean monthly PM 10 concentrations increase by up to 1.9 lg m -3 . For the INDIR simulation the spatial distribution of changes in incoming solar radiation as well as air temperature is similar to the DIR simulation. The decrease of SWDOWN is noticed for the entire domain and for 23 % of the domain is higher than -5.0 W m -2 . The absolute differences of PBLH are slightly higher for INDIR than DIR but similarly distributed spatially. For daily episodes, the differences between the simulations are higher, both for meteorology and PM 10 concentrations, and the pattern of changes is usually more complex. The results indicate the potential importance of the aerosol feedback effects on modelled meteorology and PM 10 concentrations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol-Radiation Feedback and PM10 Air Concentrations Over Poland

Werner

Kryza

Skjøth

et al. 2016

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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“…These effects have been observed in the past (Kaufman and Fraser, 1997;Rosenfeld and Woodley,1999). New studies have been developed to study the multiple interactions between meteorology and chemistry in the atmosphere, for example aerosol-cloudradiation feedback effects (Zhang, 2008;Zhang et al, 2010;Forkel et al, 2012) and interactions between temperature, gas-phase chemistry and aerosols (Baklanov et al, 2014) We can also find opposite effects of the aerosols on the meteorological variables, for example the precipitation. Aerosols can decrease solar radiation on surface, so less heat is available for water evaporation and a reduction of precipitation is observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of feedback effects in CBMZ/MOSAIC chemical mechanism

José

Pérez

Balzarini

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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a bstr a ctTo investigate the impact of the aerosol effects on meteorological variables and pollutant concentrations two simulations with the WRF-Chem model have been performed over Europe for year 2010. We have performed a baseline simulation without any feedback effects and a second simulation including the direct as well as the indirect aerosol effect. The paper describes the full configuration of the model, the simulation design, special impacts and evaluation. Although low aerosol particle concentrations are detected, the inclusion of the feedback effects results in an increase of solar radiation at the surface over cloudy areas (North-West, including the Atlantic) and decrease over more sunny locations (SouthEast). Aerosol effects produce an increase of the water vapor and decrease the planet boundary layer height over the whole domain except in the Sahara area, where the maximum particle concentrations are detected. Significant ozone concentrations are found over the Mediterranean area. Simulated feedback effects between aerosol concentrations and meteorological variables and on pollutant distributions strongly depend on the aerosol concentrations and the clouds. Further investigations are necessary with higher aerosol particle concentrations. WRF-Chem variables are evaluated using available hourly ob-servations in terms of performance statistics. Standardized observations from the ENSEMBLE system webinterface were used. The research was developed under the second phase of Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII). WRF-Chem demonstrates its capability in capturing tem-poral and spatial variations of the major meteorological variables and pollutants, except the wind speed over complex terrain. The wind speed bias may affect the accuracy in the chemical predictions (NO2, SO2). The analysis of the correlations between simulated data sets and observational data sets indicates that the simulation with aerosol effects performs slightly better. These results indicate potential importance of the aerosol feedback effects and an urgent need to further improve the representations in current atmospheric models to reduce uncertainties at all scales.

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“…WRF/chem has been used in simulating the effect of elevated sources on aerosol forcing and cloud-aerosol interaction in summertime over northeastern North America (Chapman et al, 2009); the three days of studies revealed a domain-averaged reduction of 5 W/m 2 in the mean daytime incoming solar radiation, and the rainfall was increased by 31%. Another study focused on the chemistry-aerosol-cloud-radiation-climate feedbacks over the continental United States (Zhang et al, 2010a). The result of that study indicated a decrease of the incoming solar radiation, temperature and PBL height; increased amounts of small CCN that inhibit precipitation; and decreases and increases of NO 2 photolysis in different places over the United States (U.S.).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the Amazon and Indonesian rainforests, soot and smoke form wildfires can suppress the warm rain-forming process by making CCN smaller and quantity (Warner, 1968;Kaufman and Fraser, 1997;Rosenfeld, 1999;Zhang et al, 2010). The significant formation of CCN by aerosols arriving downwind from urban and lager factories areas, especially paper mills, will increase precipitation (Cerveny et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the Effect of Aerosol Feedbacks on the Regional Meteorology Factors over China

Chen

Xie

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The fully coupled online air quality model WRF/chem was used to investigate the aerosol-radiation interaction and aerosol-cloud interaction on the regional meteorological factors over China in 2006.The aerosol-radiation interaction and aerosol-cloud interaction of aerosols influence the various regional meteorological factors in the worst aerosol-polluted regions of China. Domain-wide monthly-mean over all day and night hours incoming solar radiation decreased by -11.03 W/m 2 , -9.84 W/m 2 , -5.84 W/m 2 and -12.37 W/m 2 ; temperature at 2 meters (T2) decreased by -0.22°C, -0.12°C, -0.06°C and -0.24°C; Planetary boundary layer (PBL) height decreased by -16.44 m, -15.90 m, -5.48 m and -31.59 m in January, April, July and October, respectively. The values of the monthly-mean incoming solar radiation, T2 and PBL height had greater decreases in east China. Due to aerosol feedbacks, a slight increase of the monthly-mean precipitation occurred in southern and south-eastern China. The aerosol-radiation interaction and aerosol-cloud interaction of aerosols were compared for the United States (U.S.) continent, Europe, India and this study. Due to the higher aerosol load in China, the monthly-mean incoming solar radiation, T2 and PBL height exhibited greater decreases in China than in the U.S. continent and in Europe. Aerosol extinction was the dominant effect on the incoming solar radiation for either cloudless or cloudy weather conditions in China, but aerosol extinction was only apparent during cloudless weather in Europe. In India, the incoming solar radiation decreased by -20 W/m 2 or more in the most aerosol polluted area, which is close to the value of decrease determined in China.

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Simulating chemistry–aerosol–cloud–radiation–climate feedbacks over the continental U.S. using the online-coupled Weather Research Forecasting Model with chemistry (WRF/Chem)

Cited by 208 publications

References 66 publications

Aerosol-Radiation Feedback and PM10 Air Concentrations Over Poland

Aerosol-Radiation Feedback and PM10 Air Concentrations Over Poland

Sensitivity of feedback effects in CBMZ/MOSAIC chemical mechanism

Modelling the Effect of Aerosol Feedbacks on the Regional Meteorology Factors over China

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