Simulated seasonal oceanographic changes and their implication for the small pelagic fisheries in the Java Sea, Indonesia

Shelf oceanography and small pelagic fishes in the Java Sea

“…The shelf oceanographic characteristics (SST and salinity) during the SEM period include cooler (28.5°C) and saltier (>33 psu) water from monsoon currents and the westward-moving M-ITF surface component. The shelf's oceanographic characteristics during these two seasons matched previous research [4,5,12,15]. Almost all waters had fishing vessel activity during BM-1 and BM-2.…”

“…Shelf oceanography, including SST (Fig 2) and salinity (Fig 3), varies seasonally with differences of 1.08 oC and 1.14 psu. The seasonal changes in these two parameters are due to the Java Sea being under the influence of atmospheric generating forces [5,29], ocean dynamics such as Makassar upwelling [30], Sunda Shelf Throughflow -SSTF [31], and Makassar ITF [32], as well as discharge originating from Borneo, Java, and Sumatra [6]. The maximum temperature occurred during break monsoon 1 (BM-1, March-May), with a value of 29.59 oC and the minimum temperature occurred during the southeast monsoon (SEM, June-August) with a value of 28.51 oC.…”

“…Almost all waters had fishing vessel activity during BM-1 and BM-2. The shelf has warm temperatures (>29 °C) and high salinity (>33 psu) due to high solar radiation [4,5] and upwelling south of Makassar [36].…”

“…The region is bounded by the Karimata Strait -South China Sea to the northwest and the Flores Sea-Makassar Strait to the east. The dynamics of Java Sea waters are influenced by the surface current system generated by the Asia-Australia wind system [3,4], the surface component of the cross-Indonesian current originating from the Makassar Strait [5], river discharge originating from Borneo, Sumatra, and Java [6], and interannual climate variability, such as IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole) and ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) [7,8]. These physical and dynamic processes directly or indirectly influence the spatialtemporal variation of parameters such as sea surface temperature and salinity in JS waters.…”

Java Sea-Makassar Strait-Flores Sea (JMF) Triangle: Lumbung Ikan Pelagis Kecil

“…Pengamatan sebaran ikan di Perairan JMF Triangle juga menunjukkan bahwa sebaran layang, lemuru, banyar, dan bentong bervariasi dipengaruhi oleh suhu perairan pada masing-masing bagian perairan karena kondisi SPL yang berbeda-beda menurut musim. Kisaran suhu optimal bagi layang, lemuru, banyar, dan bentong berturut-turut pada kisaran 23, 65-36,66°C; 26,27-35,22 o C; 26,73-36,65 o C; dan 27,26-35,19 o C. Suhu optimum untuk pertumbuhan ikan pelagis kecil di Laut Jawa berada pada kisaran 27-28,5 o C (Apriansyah et al, 2023). Schismenou et al (2014Schismenou et al ( , 2016 menyatakan bahwa pertumbuhan optimum ikan pelagis kecil jenis lemuru (Sardinella sp.)…”