“…During a virtual experience, users draw upon spatial cues to construct mental models of the mediated world to feel "present" within it (Ahn, 2021;Ijsselsteijn & Riva, 2003;Wirth et al, 2007). While telepresence can be induced by all forms of media content, immersive VR displays create vivid telepresence through perceptual inputs, such as 3D vision, spatial audio, and interactive control (Cowan et al, 2021;Jang et al, 2019;Pala et al, 2021;Shin & Biocca, 2018;Tsai et al, 2020). Beyond a spatial presence activated by direct sensory inputs, VR further enhances telepresence by selfreferencing through virtual embodiment of the self (Ahn et al, 2016;Lee, 2004;Shin, 2021) and social presence (Shin, 2013(Shin, , 2017(Shin, , 2018.…”