Simulated bacterial infection disrupts the circadian fluctuation of immune cells in wrinkle-lipped bats (<i>Chaerephon plicatus</i>)

Weise, Philipp; Czirják, Gábor Á.; Lindecke, Oliver; Bumrungsri, Sara; Voigt, Christian C.

doi:10.7717/peerj.3570

Cited by 23 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In addition to general studies of immune cell recruitment and transcriptional responses during WNS, body mass and white blood cell counts were examined following LPS administration in four bat species (134)(135)(136)(137). Subcutaneous LPS challenge in of Pallas's mastiff bats (Molossus molossus) led to a loss of body mass of ∼7% within the first day, but did not result in changes in circulating white blood cell counts or body temperature (135).…”

Section: Bat Immune Responses To Non-viral Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seba's short-tailed fruit bat (Carollia perspicillata) also showed a decrease in body mass following LPS challenge, but this was associated with increases in white blood cell counts as well as increases in derivatives of reactive oxidative metabolites (dROM) (134). Subdermal LPS challenge of fish-eating Myotis (Myotis vivesi) led to body mass decreases, increased resting metabolic rate and skin temperature (136), while intraperitoneal LPS challenge of wrinkle-lipped bats (Chaerephon plicatus) caused an increase in circulating leukocytes, but did not result in a reduction in body mass compared to controls (137). The differential responses to LPS challenge suggest that the immune response to bacterial infection varies across species.…”

Section: Bat Immune Responses To Non-viral Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Going to Bat(s) for Studies of Disease Tolerance

Mandl

Schneider

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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A majority of viruses that have caused recent epidemics with high lethality rates in people, are zoonoses originating from wildlife. Among them are filoviruses (e.g., Marburg, Ebola), coronaviruses (e.g., SARS, MERS), henipaviruses (e.g., Hendra, Nipah) which share the common features that they are all RNA viruses, and that a dysregulated immune response is an important contributor to the tissue damage and hence pathogenicity that results from infection in humans. Intriguingly, these viruses also all originate from bat reservoirs. Bats have been shown to have a greater mean viral richness than predicted by their phylogenetic distance from humans, their geographic range, or their presence in urban areas, suggesting other traits must explain why bats harbor a greater number of zoonotic viruses than other mammals. Bats are highly unusual among mammals in other ways as well. Not only are they the only mammals capable of powered flight, they have extraordinarily long life spans, with little detectable increases in mortality or senescence until high ages. Their physiology likely impacted their history of pathogen exposure and necessitated adaptations that may have also affected immune signaling pathways. Do our life history traits make us susceptible to generating damaging immune responses to RNA viruses or does the physiology of bats make them particularly tolerant or resistant? Understanding what immune mechanisms enable bats to coexist with RNA viruses may provide critical fundamental insights into how to achieve greater resilience in humans.

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Section: Bat Immune Responses To Non-viral Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bat Immune Responses To Non-viral Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Going to Bat(s) for Studies of Disease Tolerance

Mandl

Schneider

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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“…Upon capture (Table 1), bats were placed in individual holding bags. A blood sample was collected from the antebrachial vein using heparinised microvettes (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) as outlined in Weise et al (2017) within 30 minutes from capture (the order of 7 bleeding was not significantly correlated with any physiological or immunological trait). Bats were released as soon as possible after bleeding.…”

Section: Study Area and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of land use on an insectivorous tropical bat: The importance of mercury, physio-immunology and trophic position

Czirják

Bustamante

Bumrungsri

et al. 2019

Science of The Total Environment

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Deforestation, agricultural intensification, and habitat homogenization are critical threats to biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Limited information is available on the trophic and physiological responses of tropical animals to these environmental changes. The wrinklelipped free-tailed bat Chaerephon plicatus is a cave roosting species that is experiencing population declines across Southeast Asia, where landscapes have been drastically modified.In our study site in central Thailand, we tested the hypothesis that wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bats living in landscapes that contrast in heterogeneity and land-use differed in mercury contamination, trophic position and physio-immunological status. Bats from less heterogeneous landscapes (dominated by rice crops, absence of large forest patches) occupied a lower trophic position than conspecifics from more heterogeneous landscapes (including large forest patches). Additionally, bats from these habitats had lower concentrations of mercury in erythrocytes, lower body mass, higher antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD), lower antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lower values of the GPx/SOD ratio than bats from more heterogeneous landscapes. Individual bat mercury concentrations were positively correlated with body mass and two immune markers (lysozyme and immunoglobulin) but were negatively correlated with plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. Our results suggest various links between landscape heterogeneity, mercury accumulation/exposure, and health status of wildlife in Southeast Asian countries.

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“…In particular, the physiological and behavioral processes resulting from APR activation have been tested in several species of bats exposed to LPS. These studies examined changes in metabolic rate (Cabrera‐Martínez, Herrera, & Cruz‐Neto, 2018, 2019; Guerrero‐Chacón, Rivera‐Ruíz, Rojas‐Díaz, Triana‐Llanos, & Niño‐Castro, 2018; Otálora‐Ardila, Herrera, Flores‐Martínez, & Welch, 2016, 2017), body temperature (Cabrera‐Martínez et al, 2019; Otálora‐Ardila et al, 2016, 2017; Stockmaier, Dechmann, Page, & O'Mara, 2015), circulating immune cells (Cabrera‐Martínez et al, 2019; Guerrero‐Chacón et al, 2018; Schneeberger, Czirják, & Voigt, 2013; Stockmaier, Bolnick, Page, & Carter, 2018; Stockmaier et al, 2015; Weise, Czirják, Lindecke, Bumrungsri, & Voigt, 2017), antioxidant and reactive oxygen metabolites (Schneeberger, Czirjak, & Voigt, 2013), and social interactions (Stockmaier et al, 2018). Although most of these studies report body mass loss in bats after APR activation and assume that it is partly due to anorexia, no study has ever examined the effect of LPS on food intake rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bats respond to simulated bacterial infection during the active phase by reducing food intake

Melhado

Cruz‐Neto

2020

J Exp Zool Pt A

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Sickness triggers a series of behavioral and physiological processes collectively known as acute phase response (APR). Bats are known as reservoirs of a broad variety of pathogens and the physiological changes resulting from APR activation have been tested predominantly during the resting phase (daytime) in several species exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, behavioral consequences of sickness for bats and other wild mammals have received less attention. We examined the physiological and behavioral consequences of APR activation in a fruit‐eating bat (Carollia perspicillata) challenged with LPS during the active phase (nighttime). We measured changes in food intake, body mass, body temperature, total white blood cell counts, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (N/L). No fever and leukocytosis were observed in bats injected with LPS, but food intake decreased, bats lost body mass and their N/L ratio increased. The effect of LPS on daily energy balance is remarkable and, along with the increase in N/L ratio, it is assumed to be beneficial to fight disease. On the basis of our findings and those with other bats, it is probable that the physiological and behavioral components of the immune response to LPS follow circadian rhythms, but a formal test of this hypothesis is warranted.

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Simulated bacterial infection disrupts the circadian fluctuation of immune cells in wrinkle-lipped bats (Chaerephon plicatus)

Cited by 23 publications

References 57 publications

Going to Bat(s) for Studies of Disease Tolerance

Going to Bat(s) for Studies of Disease Tolerance

Impacts of land use on an insectivorous tropical bat: The importance of mercury, physio-immunology and trophic position

Bats respond to simulated bacterial infection during the active phase by reducing food intake

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