Simulated acidic fog injures lettuce

Granett, A. L.; Musselman, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(84)90280-4

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Concentrations of Ni and V, which are almost exclusively associated with residual oil burning [Cooper and Watson, 1980], were high at Bakersfield, Table 2) the reference pH is of the order of 4.5. This is still above the threshold at which environmental damage from "acid fog" may be anticipated [Scherbatskoy and Klein, 1983;Granett and Musselman, 1984;Hoffmann, 1984].…”

Section: Concentrations Of N(-iii) Were Highest At Bakersfield and VImentioning

confidence: 99%

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 1. Spatial and temporal patterns in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Jacob¹,

Munger²,

Waldman³

et al. 1986

J. Geophys. Res.

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A systematic characterization of the atmospheric H2SO,,-HNO3-NH 3 system was conducted in the fog water, the aerosol, and the gas phase at a network of sites in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Spatial patterns of concentrations were established that reflect the distribution of SO 2, NO,,, and NH 3 emissions within the valley. The concept of atmospheric alkalinity was introduced to interpret these concentrations in terms of the buffering capacity of the atmosphere with respect to inputs of strong acids. Regions of predominantly acidic and alkaline fog water were identified. Fog water was found to be alkaline in most of the valley, but small changes in emission budgets could lead to widespread acid fog. An extended stagnation episode was studied in detail: progressive accumulation of H2SO,,-HNO3-NH 3 species was documented over the course of the episode and interpreted in terms of production and removal mechanisms. Secondary production of strong acids H2SO4 and HNO 3 under stagnant conditions resulted in a complete titration of available alkalinity at the sites farthest from NH 3 sources. A steady SO2 conversion rate of 0.4-1.1% h-x was estimated in the stagnant mixed layer under overcast conditions and was attributed to nonphotochemical heterogeneous processes. Removal of SO2 was enhanced in fog, compared to nonfoggy conditions. Conversion of NO,, to HNO 3 slowed down during the stagnation episode because of reduced photochemical activity; fog did not appear to enhance conversion of NO x. Decreases in total HNO 3 concentrations were observed upon acidification of the atmosphere and were attributed to displacement of NO 3-by H2SO4 in the aerosol, followed by rapid deposition of HNO3(g ). The occurrence of fog was associated with general decreases of aerosol concentrations due to enhanced removal by deposition.

show abstract

Section: Concentrations Of N(-iii) Were Highest At Bakersfield and VImentioning

confidence: 99%

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 1. Spatial and temporal patterns in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Jacob¹,

Munger²,

Waldman³

et al. 1986

J. Geophys. Res.

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Comparable acidities have been observed in low stratus clouds collected by aircraft over the basin (3) and sampled on the slopes of the surrounding mountains (4). These high acidities have raised concern regarding potential damage to materials, vegetation (5), crops (6), and public health (7). Laboratory studies have shown that aqueous-phase oxidation of S(IV) to S(VI) can proceed rapidly under the conditions found in fog droplets (8) and in the precursor aerosol at high humidities (9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical composition of fogwater collected along the California coast

Jacob¹,

Waldman²,

Munger³

et al. 1985

Environ. Sci. Technol.

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Acidic fog episodes in southern California last from 2 to 12 hours and often have pH's of 2.0-3.0 (Waldman et al 1982). Physical changes in leaf surface structure, lesions, leaching of foliar nutrients, decreased photosynthesis, and reduced growth and yield may result from long-term exposure to acidic fogs (Granett and Taylor 1981, Granett and Musselman 1984, Musselman and Sterrett 1988, Musselman and McCool 1989, Paoletti et al 1989, Takemoto et al 1989, McCool and Musselman 1990, Mengel et al 1990, Trumble and Walker 1991. Pollution-stressed plants also may be more susceptible to insects and diseases (Endress and Post 1985, Trumble et al 1987, Trumble and Hare 1989, Jones and Coleman 1988.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of forest herbivory: quest for pattern and principle.

Mattson¹,

Niemila²,

Rossi³

1996

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Simulated acidic fog injures lettuce

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 1. Spatial and temporal patterns in the San Joaquin Valley of California

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 1. Spatial and temporal patterns in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Chemical composition of fogwater collected along the California coast

Dynamics of forest herbivory: quest for pattern and principle.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Simulated acidic fog injures lettuce

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

The H2SO4‐HNO3‐NH3 system at high humidities and in fogs: 1. Spatial and temporal patterns in the San Joaquin Valley of California

The H2SO4‐HNO3‐NH3 system at high humidities and in fogs: 1. Spatial and temporal patterns in the San Joaquin Valley of California

Chemical composition of fogwater collected along the California coast

Dynamics of forest herbivory: quest for pattern and principle.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 1. Spatial and temporal patterns in the San Joaquin Valley of California

The H₂SO₄‐HNO₃‐NH₃ system at high humidities and in fogs: 1. Spatial and temporal patterns in the San Joaquin Valley of California