Simplistic vs. Complex Organization: Markets, Hierarchies, and Networks in an Organizational Triangle

Elsner, Wolfram; Hocker, Gero; Schwardt, Henning

doi:10.2139/ssrn.1476314

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…To distinguish between 'markets as networks' and 'meta-organizations as networks', we consider meta-organizations as institutional forms that cover the intermediate area between markets and hierarchies (Elsner et al, 2009). These three institutions are considered in the economic theory as the main forms of reducing the transaction costs associated with interorganizational transactions; however, the dichotomy of markets versus hierarchies, as idealized and extreme forms of reducing transaction costs, is hardly in line with the present market realities.…”

Section: Meta-organizations As Enactment Of the Relational Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The economic rules involved in meta-organization's creation and governance stem, on the one hand, from the intermediary position of meta-organizations as networks between markets and hierarchies (Elsner et al, 2009), and, on the other hand, from the double level of its structure and functioningindependent members and the coordinated meta-organization (Gulati et al, 2012;Viachka, 2013).…”

Section: Meta-organization's Creation and Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As intermediate organization forms between markets and hierarches, meta-organizations are well positioned to minimize transaction costs and aggregate distributed resources in a coordinated system of value creation: "the real-world organizational dimension builds upon direct interdependence and direct interaction processes, cumulatively learned and habituated forms of cooperation to overcome social dilemmas and solve coordination problems" (Elsner et al, 2009). From the perspective of a dual-level system, that includes the members' level and the metaorganizational level of perception, management and action, which are coexistent and interdependent, the meta-organization structure and functioning raises challenges in solving transaction costs, agency, and resource-dependency problems: "According to the Transaction Costs Economics, organizations are driven by the need of reducing costs when interact with each other; according to the Agency theory, organizations are driven by the need of aligning the behaviours or outcomes of the other parties to expectations; according to the Resource Dependence theory, organizations are driven by the need to control the resources that are critical to them."…”

Section: Meta-organization's Creation and Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Associational Strategies for European SMEs’ Internationalization: Introducing the Meta-Organization as a Multi-Level Unit of Analysis

Gurǎu¹

2020

Proceedings of ‏The 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research in Business, Management and Economics

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In the past, entrepreneurs could prosper as owner-managers of independent local businesses. As a consequence, the unit of analysis in business research has typically beenand continues to bethe entrepreneur and/or the enterprise. Yet, the reality of the global marketplace has been changing, as formerly competing firms are now co-operating in various types of horizontal, vertical or trans-industry alliances. Growth need not take place by means of mergers and acquisitions, but can also be attained via networking, leading to a multi-polar distribution of ownership and control. The individual firm is no longer the most important player being substituted by associations, groups or networks. To reflect the changing reality, we investigate the concept of meta-organizations as a potential platform for the internationalization of European SMEs; we do this, using an inductive approach that mobilizes and interprets a wide range of business theories on in the areas of internationalization, entrepreneurship, organization and economics.

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Section: Meta-organizations As Enactment Of the Relational Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meta-organization's Creation and Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Meta-organization's Creation and Governancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Associational Strategies for European SMEs’ Internationalization: Introducing the Meta-Organization as a Multi-Level Unit of Analysis

Gurǎu¹

2020

Proceedings of ‏The 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research in Business, Management and Economics

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“…Rather, real world 'coordination forms', they argue, 'have to be conceptualized in a fundamentally different way. A relevant organizational space must reflect the dimensions of a complex world' (Elsner, Hocker and Schwardt, 2009).…”

Section: Restructuring the Public Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In making their appeal to complexity of the real world, Elsner, Hocker and Schwardt () suggest that the division between hierarchical and non‐hierarchical interactions is not real, it is merely conceptual; that in reality, the two types of interactions are closely entangled with each other, even though they fail to explain the nature of this entanglement. Numerous other researchers support the approach that centres on the entanglement of hierarchical and non‐hierarchical interactions and the complexity of their relationship.…”

Section: Restructuring the Public Spacementioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking Democracy: A Systems Perspective on the Global Unrest

Shkliarevsky

2015

Syst. Res

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The paper seeks to make a contribution towards a better understanding of the current global political unrest. It argues that this unrest reflects ongoing tensions between hierarchical and non-hierarchical interactions. It also argues that the opposition between hierarchical and non-hierarchical interactions is not ontological but rather is rooted in the way we approach reality and is, therefore, subject to our control. The tendency to exclude the process of construction from our frame of vision is characteristic for the view of reality that is dominant in our civilization. Contemporary theoretical perspectives that include, but are not limited to, systems theory, complexity theory, theory of self-organization, emergence theory and autopoiesis have much to offer in addressing and resolving this problem. The paper outlines some general organizing principles that should be part of this solution. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords systems theory; hierarchies; networks; horizontalists Over two decades ago, communism collapsed and the Cold War ended. Francis Fukuyama hailed this development in his book The End of History and the Last Man as the beginning of a new era in which liberal democracy and capitalism would reign supreme. All that would be left for humanity to do was to enjoy the fruits of this remarkable victory that would bring peace, freedom and prosperity to the entire world.Long gone are the days of triumphalism. Today, the prophecy that Fukuyama made in the wake of the demise of the Soviet bloc 'that liberal democracy, combined with market economics, represented the direction in which the world would inevitably evolve ' (Fukuyama, 1989) rings hollow; today, we hear a very different tune. It warns us about the retreat of democracy, the rise of authoritarian regimes, economic uncertainty and prospects of growing violence and hostility in the world (Kurlantzick, 2013).At the time of its publication, many welcomed Fukuyama's book as a prophecy and a revelation of the world to come. Now, more than two decades later, few ever mention or quote this book and even fewer hold the predictive powers of its author in high regard. The world has turned out to be very different from what Fukuyama divined. It is turbulent, dangerous and extremely uncertain. Many * Correspondence to: Gennady Shkliarevsky, History, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, Red Hook, NY, 12504, USA. E-mail: shkliare@bard.edu 1 I want to use this opportunity to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their very careful and nuanced reading of the earlier drafts of this paper. Their comments and suggestions are very valuable and accepted with gratitude.

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Inflation and Value Creation: An Economic and Philosophic Investigation

Shkliarevsky

2023

SSRN Journal

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Simplistic vs. Complex Organization: Markets, Hierarchies, and Networks in an Organizational Triangle

Cited by 5 publications

References 55 publications

Associational Strategies for European SMEs’ Internationalization: Introducing the Meta-Organization as a Multi-Level Unit of Analysis

Associational Strategies for European SMEs’ Internationalization: Introducing the Meta-Organization as a Multi-Level Unit of Analysis

Rethinking Democracy: A Systems Perspective on the Global Unrest

Inflation and Value Creation: An Economic and Philosophic Investigation

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