Simplifying the ion source for mass spectrometry

Lu, I‐Chung; Pophristić, M.; Inutan, Ellen D.; McKay, Richard G.; McEwen, Charles N.; Trimpin, Sarah

doi:10.1002/rcm.7718

Cited by 23 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Consequently, using mass spectrometers optimized for ESI‐ and MALDI‐MS, the ease of adaptation of the methods based on the new ionization processes varies. It may only require turning off the high voltages and/or laser, or it may necessitate more significant physical modification(s) to obtain analytical useful results . As an example, the currently best performing MAI matrix, 3‐NBN, on Waters SYNAPT G2 and G2S instruments works exceptionally well for analyte ionization on the intermediate pressure MALDI sources without the use of the laser, but performs best at room temperature on the ESI Z‐Spray source blocks, and above the melting point of the matrix, 114–117 °C, the analyte ion abundance essentially ceases on this instrument .…”

Section: Brief Classifications and How The New Ionization Methods Arementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vacuum ionization the matrix:analyte is introduced directly into the sub‐atmospheric pressure region of the mass spectrometer on a substrate where ionization commences . Intermediate pressure works well without, and sometimes with, the use of a laser, while ionization using high‐vacuum MALDI time‐of‐flight (TOF) mass spectrometers, with nearly collision‐free conditions, is more difficult, typically producing charge states between those observed with ESI and MALDI, if ions are produced at all .…”

Section: Brief Classifications and How The New Ionization Methods Arementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 min producing essentially the same charge states and ion abundance as without the use of the laser until the entire 3‐NBN/analyte sample is consumed. On quadrupole TOF (QTOF) and Orbitrap mass spectrometers operational from intermediate pressure, the ionization is spontaneous, typically lasting 1 to 10 min depending on sample amount, preparation, type of instrument, temperature, voltages, and gas flow applied . The use of the laser (Nd:YAG at 355 nm) speeds up the consumption of the matrix to shorten the ion duration but the charge states stay essentially the same.…”

Section: Brief Classifications and How The New Ionization Methods Arementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of the laser (Nd:YAG at 355 nm) speeds up the consumption of the matrix to shorten the ion duration but the charge states stay essentially the same. Without the use of a laser, this process only stops when the matrix (not the analyte or nonvolatile components) is completely consumed …”

Section: Brief Classifications and How The New Ionization Methods Arementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The discoveries of these processes and development of suitable technologies were accomplished through fundamental research and using commercially available ion source inlets ’as is’ or with simple physical source modifications . Recently, we have begun to design and build dedicated inlets with the promise of a better understanding of the ionization processes and making improvements in applications . These methods have now been automated to allow unattended analysis of up to 384 samples from well plates or for analysis of surfaces such as tissue sections or thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates .…”

Section: Introduction To Old and New Ionization Processes And Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: ‘Squeezing’ nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets

Trimpin

2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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110

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Together with my group and collaborators, I have been fortunate to have had a key role in the discovery of new ionization processes that we developed into new flexible, sensitive, rapid, reliable, and robust ionization technologies and methods for use in mass spectrometry (MS). Our current research is focused on how best to understand, improve, and use these novel ionization processes which convert volatile and nonvolatile compounds from solids or liquids into gas-phase ions for analysis by MS using e.g. mass selected fragmentation and ion mobility spectrometry to provide reproducible, accurate, and improved mass and drift time resolution. In my view, the apex was the discovery of vacuum matrix-assisted ionization (vMAI) in 2012 on an intermediate pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) source without the use of a laser, high voltages, or any other added energy. Only exposure of the matrix:analyte to the sub-atmospheric pressure of the mass spectrometer was necessary to initiate ionization. These findings were initially rejected by three different scientific journals, with comments related to 'how can this work?', 'where do the charges come from?', and 'it is not analytically useful'. Meanwhile, we, and others have demonstrated analytical utility without a complete understanding of the mechanism. In reality, MALDI and electrospray ionization are widely used in science and their mechanisms are still controversially discussed despite use and optimization of now 30 years. This Perspective covers applications, and mechanistic aspects of the novel ionization processes for use in MS that guided us in instrument developments, and provides our perspective on how they relate to traditional ionization processes.

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Section: Brief Classifications and How The New Ionization Methods Arementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Classifications and How The New Ionization Methods Arementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Classifications and How The New Ionization Methods Arementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brief Classifications and How The New Ionization Methods Arementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To Old and New Ionization Processes And Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: ‘Squeezing’ nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets

Trimpin

2019

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

Self Cite

110

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Rapid Clinical Analysis

2018

Quantitative Biological and Clinical Mass Spectrometry

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Direct sub‐atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry: Evaporation/sublimation‐driven ionization is amazing, fundamentally, and practically

Trimpin,

Inutan,

Pagnotti

et al. 2024

J Mass Spectrom

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This paper covers direct sub‐atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (MS). The discovery, applications, and mechanistic aspects of novel ionization processes for use in MS that are not based on the high‐energy input from voltage, laser, and/or high temperature but on sublimation/evaporation within a region linking a higher to lower pressure and modulated by heat and collisions, are discussed, including how this new reality has guided a series of discoveries, instrument developments, and commercialization. A research focus, inter alia, is on how best to understand, improve, and use these novel ionization processes, which convert volatile and nonvolatile compounds from solids (sublimation) or liquids (evaporation) into gas‐phase ions for analysis by MS providing reproducible, accurate, sensitive, and prompt results. Our perception on how these unprecedented versus traditional ionization processes/methods relate to each other, how they can be made to coexist on the same mass spectrometer, and an outlook on new and expanded applications (e.g., clinical, portable, fast, safe, and autonomous) is presented, and is based on ST's Opening lecture presentation at the Nordic Mass spectrometry Conference, Geilo, Norway, January 2023. Focus will be on matrix‐assisted ionization (MAI) and solvent‐assisted ionization (SAI) MS covering the period from 2010 to 2023; a potential paradigm shift in the making.

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Simplifying the ion source for mass spectrometry

Cited by 23 publications

References 27 publications

Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: ‘Squeezing’ nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets

Novel ionization processes for use in mass spectrometry: ‘Squeezing’ nonvolatile analyte ions from crystals and droplets

Rapid Clinical Analysis

Direct sub‐atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry: Evaporation/sublimation‐driven ionization is amazing, fundamentally, and practically

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