Simplified Surface Treatments for Ceramic Cementation: Use of Universal Adhesive and Self-Etching Ceramic Primer

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of resin cement and lithium disilicate ceramic after various surface treatments of the ceramic. Sixty blocks of ceramic (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) were obtained. After cleaning, they were placed in polyvinyl chloride tubes with acrylic resin. The blocks were divided into six groups (n=10) depending on surface treatment: H/S/A - 10% Hydrofluoric Acid + Silane + Adhesive, H/S -10% Hydrofluoric Acid + Silane, H/S/UA - 10% Hydrofluoric Acid + Silane + Universal Adhesive, H/UA- 10% Hydrofluoric Acid + Universal Adhesive, MBEP/A - Monobond Etch & Prime + Adhesive, and MBEP - Monobond Etch & Prime. The light-cured resin cement (Variolink Esthetic LC, Ivoclar Vivadent) was inserted in a mold placed over the treated area of the ceramics and photocured with an LED for 20 s to produce cylinders (3 mm x 3 mm). The samples were subjected to a shear bond strength test in a universal test machine (Instron 5965) by 0.5 mm/min. ANOVA and Tukey tests showed a statistically significant difference between groups (p<0.05). The results of the shear strength test were H/S/A (9.61±2.50)A, H/S (10.22±3.28)A, H/S/UA (7.39±2.02)ABC, H/UA (4.28±1.32)C, MBEP/A (9.01±1.97)AB, and MBEP (6.18±2.75)BC. The H/S group showed cohesive failures, and the H/UA group was the only one that presented adhesive failures. The conventional treatment with hydrofluoric acid and silane showed the best bond strength. The use of a new ceramic primer associated with adhesive bonding obtained similar results to conventional surface treatment, being a satisfactory alternative to replace the use of hydrofluoric acid.

The impact of different cleaning protocols on resin bond strength to polymer-infiltrated ceramic material

“…(44,45) Monobond-N was used in this research work, as it composed of three functional methacrylate groups; silane methacrylate for glass ceramic, sulfide methacrylate for precious metal alloys, and phosphoric acid methacrylate which is the most important one as it belongs for oxide ceramics and base metal alloys. (46) The results of this study showed that, shear bond strength values obtained from control group after salivary contamination and air-water spray cleaning were (4.00±0.59 MPa) this proved that, using of airwater spray from shipsyring is not recommended for surface cleaning after contamination and is not sufficient to maintain stable and strong bond strength between Vita-Enamic and resin cements, this agreed with results of Bayındir and Köseoğlu study (2020). (47) Maintaining of restorations intaglio surface free of contaminants is a challenge and provide strong bond which is very important for long term clinical durability.…”

Adhesive luting to hybrid ceramic and resin composite CAD/CAM Blocks:Er:YAG Laser versus chemical etching and micro-abrasion pretreatment.

“…Other studies concluded that conventional treatment with HF followed by silanization remained as the gold standard; furthermore, this treatment yielded higher mean bond strength values when applied on lithium disilicate and feldspathic ceramics, compared with using the ME on lithium disilicate ceramic surfaces, which resulted in significantly lower SBS values, consistent with the findings of our study. [15,29] On the contrary, LU, CS, and SH are fabricated from a resin-based matrix enforced with ceramic fillers; this may explain the necessity of performing mechanical roughening on the surface rather than HF etching. A study by Soares et al attributed the low bond strength of resin cement to HF-etched indirect resin composite to the dissolution of the glass filler particles and the softening of the resin matrix; furthermore, they reported that the application of silane after HF etching did not improve the bond strength because of the absence of glass filler particles.…”

“…[12] Although HF treatment is considered as one of the gold standards mainly for glass ceramics, toxicity issues associated with HF limit its usage. [13] Hence, other etchants that are less toxic than HF have been used in many studies, [14,15] including self-etching ceramic primers. Previously, we demonstrated that the etching efficacy of Monobond Etch and Prime was purely material dependent.…”

The effect of different ceramic surface treatments on the repair bond strength of resin composite to lithium disilicate ceramic

“…They are of either one-bottle or two-bottle type and contain silane and phosphate monomers that support the adhesion between ceramics and resin-based materials 23,24) . Recent studies have shown that the incorporation of silane in a one-bottle universal adhesive does not result in the same bonding performance as in the case of a separately applied silane agent [24][25][26][27] . Since only a few studies have examined the two-bottle type universal adhesives, further research should be conducted to evaluate new protocols of using these adhesives with cementation.…”