Simplified hand model including the user's forearm for the study of internal GSM/DCS mobile phone antenna

Wu, Chih-Hsien; Chen, Lin; Su, Chih‐Ming; Yeh, Shih‐Huang; Tang, Chia-Lun

doi:10.1002/mop.21935

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In this case, as the user's hand is considered as a very lossy material [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], its effects on the radiation efficiency and radiation patterns of the proposed antenna will be interesting and also important for practical applications. Results obtained from the simulation model with the phantom hand provided by SPEAG SEMCAD [22] are analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very small size printed monopole with embedded chip inductor for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN laptop computer antenna

Kang

2009

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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mode conversion, because both 15 GHz and 9 GHz conditions cannot be satisfied at the same time. The final design of the mode converter is shown in Figure 2. Three dielectric rods are located at the center of the waveguide. Two of these have r ¼ 0.515 mm and the remainder have a half cross-section radius of 0.36 mm in order to decrease electromagnetic reflection. Nine dielectric rods are placed from the center of the waveguide to near the sidewall with increasing radius of the rods r and with constant a ¼ 9.54 mm. Table 1 shows the relation between the distance d and radius r. The S parameters between the input port (Port 1) and output port (Port 2) are calculated using the HFSS software by Ansoft and the results are shown as solid lines in Figures 4(a) and 4(b). The electromagnetic waves pass through as the TE 10 mode for 7-11.2 GHz and are converted to the TE 20 mode for 14.1-16.1 GHz under a condition of over 95% efficiency. However, as the TE 20 mode is not sufficiently small under À15 dB, optimization of the design is necessary for reduction of reflections. Although reflection as TE 20 is not small at high frequency, if a coaxial waveguide converter is used for the introduction of electromagnetic waves to a waveguide, odd mode may not have a strong influence on even symmetry structure. SIMPLE FABRICATION METHODFor the fabrication of a mode converter, such as, the Type A illustrated in Figure 5(a), it is necessary to locate the dielectric rods in the waveguide without a gap at top and bottom. Such a structure may be difficult to fabricate. As a solution, holes with diameter 0.2 mm larger than the rods were fabricated at the top of the waveguide and the dielectric rods were inserted [Type B, CONCLUSIONSWe have previously reported that single-mode propagation is available for a metallic waveguide with dielectric rods arrayed at the center of a waveguide using the TE 10 mode and the TE 20 mode. However, a TE 20 -like mode, which is propagated in the second band, is an odd mode, and generation is not easy. In this investigation, a mode converter is proposed, which passes through the TE 10 mode for the low frequency range and converts TE 10 to the TE 20 mode for the high frequency range by small variation in the group velocity. It was shown that the electromagnetic waves pass through as the TE 10 mode for 7-11.2 GHz and are converted to the TE 20 mode for 14.1-16.1 GHz under a condition of over 95% efficiency. ABSTRACT: A very small size planar two-strip monopole printed on a thin (0.4 mm) FR4 substrate for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz triple-band WLAN operation in the laptop computer is presented. With the aid of an embedded chip inductor of 5.6 nH in the longer strip of the printed monopole, a much reduced strip length for obtaining the resonant mode at about 2.4 GHz is obtained, thereby leading to a much reduced size of the antenna for the desired WLAN operation. When the antenna is mounted along the top edge of the display ground, it shows a height of 9 mm and a length of 6 mm only, which is about the smallest among the tr...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very small size printed monopole with embedded chip inductor for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN laptop computer antenna

Kang

2009

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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“…Owing to the bones occupying most volume of the user's hand, the equivalent parameters of the one-layer simulation hand model including the forearm in this study are selected to be close to those of the bones. With comparison to the multilayer simulation hand model [6], the use of the one-layer equivalent hand model can greatly reduce the simulation time [7]. This makes it possible for obtaining an efficient and reliable simulation study for the mobile antenna with the presence of the user's hand.…”

Section: Simulation Hand Model and Studied Planar Dtv Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hand model mainly consists of thumb, palm, fingers, and forearm portions [7], and their configurations are selected from simplifying the corresponding portions of the real user's hands holding the PMP. Also, the parameter d shown in Figures 1 and 2 indicate the distance from the user's hand to the top edge of the PMP ground plane.…”

Section: Simulation Hand Model and Studied Planar Dtv Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This makes it necessary to include the user's hands in the study of the antenna performances, since it has been concluded that the user's hands function as an effective lossy medium and will affect the antenna performances significantly [6,7]. For this consideration, we present in this article the study of the planar DTV antenna in the PMP with the presence of the user's hands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Three different conditions of the right hand only, left hand only, and both hands of the user holding the PMP are studied. Effects of the three different user's hand conditions on the impedance and radiation characteristics of the planar DTV antenna in the PMP will be studied with the aid of the one-layer equivalent simulation hand model [7] incorporating the use of three-dimensional FDTD (Finite-Difference Time-Domain) simulation software, SPEAG SEMCAD (Simulation platform for EMC, Antenna design, and Dosimetry) [8]. Measured results on the impedance characteristics of the studied planar DTV antenna will also be presented to verify the simulation results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Broadband planar DTV antenna in the portable media player held by the user's hands

Row

2007

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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Internal shorted planar monopole antenna embedded with a resonant spiral slot for penta‐band mobile phone application

2007

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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Comparing the results in Table 1 it can be seen that satisfactory results are obtained by the CMM presented in this paper.When the outer conductors are the same size and characteristic impedances are both 50 ⍀, the comparison of cutoff frequency between novel and conventional TEM cell are presented in Table 2. Here, L equals 10 cm and I equals 2 cm.When L ϭ 10 cm, H ϭ 6 cm, I ϭ 2 cm, ϭ 60°, and the input power is 1 W, the electric field distribution of TEM mode in the novel TEM cell is shown in Figure 6. According to the definition of uniform field in IEC 61000-4-20, the uniform area in Figure 6 is 4.55 cm ϫ2.9 cm. In the conventional TEM cell which has the same cutoff frequency and length-width ratio, the uniform area is 5.10 cm ϫ 2.46 cm, smaller than that of the novel one. CONCLUSIONIn order to study the kinetics of microwave chemistry, new devices with a higher cutoff frequency and a larger area of uniform electromagnetic field are needed. In this paper, we propose a novel TEM cell to satisfy these conditions and used an analytical method based on a three-step conformal mapping to calculate the characteristic impedance of the TEM cell. Two methods were used to validate the analytical solution. First, the FEM numerical method was used to calculate the characteristic impedance. The comparison between the analytical and numerical calculation showed the analytic solution gave very precise results. Then, when the configuration of the TEM cell degenerated to a conventional TEM cell, the calculation of characteristic impedance agreed very well with the results previously published in the literatures. Further work, such as the calculation of the field distribution in a test tube and the design of taper connected with the coaxial line will be shown in the future. Analysis of asymmetric TEM cell and its optimum design of electric field distribution, IEE Proc 136 (1989), 191-194. 5. E. Costamagna and A. Fanni, Asymmetric TEM cell impedance calculation, IEE Proc 137 (1990), 318-320. 6. S.K. Das and B.N. Das, Analysis of the effects of septum thickness on impedance and fields of TEM mode inside an asymmetric TEM cell, IEE Proc-H 140 (1993), 347-353. ABSTRACT: An internal shorted planar monopole antenna embedded with a resonant spiral slot for GSM850/900/DCS/PCS/UMTS operation in the mobile phone is presented. The planar monopole is printed on an FR4 substrate of small size 10 ϫ 45 mm 2 , and a spiral slot of length 108 mm is embedded therein. The planar monopole is then placed above and perpendicular to the top edge, with a small distance of 7 mm, of the system ground plane of the mobile phone to operate as an internal antenna. A coupled feed printed on the top no-ground portion of the system circuit board is used to excite both the planar monopole and the spiral slot to generate two wide bands covering GSM850/900 and DCS/ PCS/UMTS operation, respectively. The antenna is also suitable to integrate with the associated electronic components, such as the speaker, to achieve a compact integration of the antenna inside the ...

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Simplified hand model including the user's forearm for the study of internal GSM/DCS mobile phone antenna

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Very small size printed monopole with embedded chip inductor for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN laptop computer antenna

Very small size printed monopole with embedded chip inductor for 2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN laptop computer antenna

Broadband planar DTV antenna in the portable media player held by the user's hands

Internal shorted planar monopole antenna embedded with a resonant spiral slot for penta‐band mobile phone application

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