Simplified fundamental force and mass measurements

Robinson, Ian

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/53/4/1054

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…To ensure that these conditions are met, all existing Kibble balances are carefully aligned. A technique has been proposed to overcome these limitations [ 16 ] which should simplify the construction and operation of Kibble balances and is described in section 2.2.5 . The existing NIST, NPL/National Research Council (NRC) and Measurement Standards Laboratory (MSL) Kibble balances use common weighing and moving mechanisms employing pressure or knife-edge balances which require care to reach the required weighing sensitivity.…”

Section: The Kibble Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

The watt or Kibble balance: a technique for implementing the new SI definition of the unit of mass

2016

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The redefinition of the SI unit of mass in terms of a fixed value of the Planck constant has been made possible by the Kibble balance, previously known as the watt balance. Once the new definition has been adopted, the Kibble balance technique will permit the realisation of the mass unit over a range from milligrams to kilograms. We describe the theory underlying the Kibble balance and practical techniques required to construct such an instrument to relate a macroscopic physical mass to the Planck constant with an uncertainty, which is achievable at present, in the region of 2 parts in 10 8 . A number of Kibble balances have either been built or are under construction and we compare the principal features of these balances.

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Section: The Kibble Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

The watt or Kibble balance: a technique for implementing the new SI definition of the unit of mass

2016

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“…It should also be noted that various modes of operation of the Kibble balance have been proposed as well as reciprocal designs that cancel alignment errors, systematic errors, or noise …”

Section: The Kibble Balance Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Planck Constant for the Definition and Realization of the Kilogram

Wood

Bettin

2018

Annalen der Physik

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On May 20, 2019 the values of the Planck, h, and Avogadro, N A , constants will be fixed, revising our measurement system, the International System of Units (SI), and providing a new way to get mass traceability. While the famous energy relations mc 2 and hf may remind many that the Planck constant is indeed related to mass, it is less recognized how this is also true for the Avogadro constant. These concepts are reviewed in the context of the upcoming revision of the SI. How the fixed values were chosen and how mass traceability will be maintained with the smallest uncertainty are also discussed.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201800308 ν Cs = 9 192 631 770 Hz hyperfine transition frequency of 133 Cs c = 299 792 458 m s −1 speed of light in vacuum h = 6.626 070 15 × 10 −34 J s Planck constant e = 1.602 176 634 × 10 −19 C elementary charge k = 1.380 649 × 10 −23 J K −1 Boltzmann constant N A = 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 Avogadro constant K cd = 683 lm W −1 luminous efficacy of 540 × 10 12 Hz radiationThe values and use of c, ν Cs , and K cd are already established within the SI and this has made the change more manageable.

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“…[5] Additionally, a single-axis ('seismometer-style') balance will be precise and easy to operate. [6] This analysis is equally applicable to an ES balance.…”

Section: A Next-generation Balancementioning

confidence: 98%

A µKibble balance for direct realisation of small-scale masses and forces

Jarvis

Webster

Robinson

2019

19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019)

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Kibble balance experiments have allowed the kilogram to be redefined in terms of the Planck constant. Now that the redefinition is in place, the Kibble balance will allow SI traceable mass (or force) to be realised at any value and at any location. A feasibility study for a novel, scalable electrostatic ‘µKibble balance’, based on the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) next-generation Kibble balance system is presented and its expected performance calculated. A µKibble will allow in-situ, dynamic, small-scale (< g) mass measurements without the current precision limitation caused by subdivision of the kilogram. The measurements will be traceable through electrical calibration rather than transferable mass standards. The instrument will have a wide range of applications in both industry and research.

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Simplified fundamental force and mass measurements

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

The watt or Kibble balance: a technique for implementing the new SI definition of the unit of mass

The watt or Kibble balance: a technique for implementing the new SI definition of the unit of mass

The Planck Constant for the Definition and Realization of the Kilogram

A µKibble balance for direct realisation of small-scale masses and forces

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