“…Many studies have been conducted on the analytical examination of steel members and frames during fire. For steel beam, for instance, previous studies have clarified the elastoplastic behaviour of steel beams (Burgess et al, 1988) and that of an axially restrained steel beam (Guoqiang et al, 2007), the lateral torsional buckling behaviour of steel beams (Real et al, 2007), the behaviour of axially and rotationally restrained cold-formed steel beams (Laim and Rodrigues, 2016), the catenary action of cellular steel beams (Zhang and Wang, 2018), and the shear effect and local instability effect on the steel beam Naser, 2014, 2015). The behaviours of steel beams under various load and boundary conditions were analysed based on the finite element methods using the beam element, shell element, and solid element, taking into account material and geometrical nonlinear effects.…”