“…Since the outbreak of Covid-19, studies on students’ perception of emergency online teaching and their adaptation to blended learning when the virus turned into a “new normal” accumulated. Across the globe, many studies reported students’ positive experience of studying online, for example, Almahasees et al (2021) in Jordan, Van Wig et al (2022) in the US, Poláková and Klímová (2021) in Slovakia, and the aforementioned Macau based studies (e.g., Gong et al, 2021; Guan et al, 2023; Hsiang et al, 2022). Meanwhile, there is a large amount of research revealed that students’ online learning experiences were unsatisfactory due to the following reasons: students’ loyalty to offline education (Blizak et al, 2020), inadequate digital access, unsuitable home learning environment, and shortage of necessary computer skills (Cranfield et al, 2021), students’ anxiety in the pandemic (Howcroft & Mercer, 2022), fatigue and demotivation after constant virtual learning (Zizka & Probst, 2023), the inability to obtain timely feedback and to achieve in online learning (Conrad et al, 2022; Warfvinge et al, 2022), the shortage of socialization in online learning (Siah et al, 2022), not being self-regulated learners (Yeung & Yau, 2022).…”