Simplex optimization of multielement ultrasonic extraction of atmospheric particulates

Harper, Sharon L.; Walling, J. F.; Holland, David M.; Pranger, Louis J.

doi:10.1021/ac00260a024

Cited by 63 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Each filter was extracted with a mixture of hydrochloric (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO 3 ) (HCl: HNO 3 = 1:3, v/v) using an ultrasonic bath at 100 ºC for 60 min (Harper et al, 1983). Extracts were filtered using a micro filter with a pore of 45 µm in beakers and adjusted to a final volume of 50 ml using de-ionized water.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution of Airborne Particulate Matter and Associated Metallic Elements in an Urban Area of an Industrial City in Korea

Lee

2011

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study analyzed the size distribution of airborne particulate matter (PM) and 13 metallic elements associated with it. PM samples were collected using an eight-stage cascade impactor in a busy urban area of an industrial city, Korea during four seasons. Most of the fine and coarse particle mass was concentrated in the size range of 0.7-1.1 µm and 9-10 µm, respectively. PM mass showed two peaks in spring: The first peak was observed for the smallest particles (< 0.7 µm) and the second one was found in the coarse particles (2.1-10 µm). However, fine particles (0.7-2.1 µm) showed the highest PM concentrations in winter.In the distribution analysis of 13 metals in PM, three main groups were determined: (i) heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Mn, Ni and Cr) which were present in high concentrations in fine particles (< 2.1 µm) particularly at the size of 0.4-0.7 µm, (ii) light metals (Na, Ca, K, Al) and Fe which had high concentrations in coarse particles, and (iii) other heavy metals (Pb, Mg and Cu) showing high concentrations at sizes larger than 5.8 µm. The concentrations of Cd, Mn and Ni in the size range of 0.4-0.7 µm of the airborne particles and their total levels obtained by summing up the concentrations of the 8 classified size groups were exceeded the proposed thresholds or tolerance levels of the toxic heavy metals. The mass concentrations of Cd, Mn and Ni decreased with increasing particle size, except the size range of 9-10 µm, in PM 10 . The levels of Pb in PM 10 did not show the size characteristics shown in Cd, Mn and Ni and also was below its tolerance level. Principal sources of 13 metallic elements in PM included natural sources and local anthropogenic sources such as non-ferrous metal smelting, oil combustion, welding, vehicular traffic and road dust.

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Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Distribution of Airborne Particulate Matter and Associated Metallic Elements in an Urban Area of an Industrial City in Korea

Lee

2011

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Ultrasonic assisted extraction has many advantages since it can be used for both liquid and solid samples, and for the extraction of either inorganic or organic compounds (S.L. Harper et al, 1983). If extracted from solid samples, different problems can occur: there is a possibility of the decomposition of the analyte which could be trapped inside of the collapsing cavitational bubbles.…”

Section: Ultrasound-assisted Solvent Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass Extraction Methods

Segneanu¹,

Cziple²,

Vlăzan³

et al. 2013

Biomass Now - Sustainable Growth and Use

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“…These three stations were studied in detail at different distances (0. 25,5,10,15,20,25,30,35, and 40 m) with the soil samples being collected at depths of 0-5 cm. The Pb and Mn concentrations obtained by ULM are given in Figs.…”

Section: Mn and Pb Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that high recoveries of organic species from granular activated carbon [16], sediment [17], fly ash [18], biological materials [19], and elements from atmospheric particulate [20] and geological samples [13][14][15] were obtained when analyzed by ULM, and in a much shorter time than that required for other extraction procedures. Several studies of labile (physical bound) metal fractions in atmospheric particulate and on the bio-collector sprouts, as reported in previous studies on the physical and chemical effects of ultrasonication [21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Manganese and Lead in Roadside Soil Samples by FAAS with Ultrasound Assisted Leaching

et al. 2005

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An Ultrasonic Leaching Method (ULM) was developed for the analysis of manganese and lead on roadside soil samples in order to assess the pollution from motor vehicle exhaust. The variations in analyte recoveries by sonication periods were investigated and optimum recovery conditions were determined. The leachates of the soil samples, Mn and Pb, were analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The recoveries of ULM were tested by comparing the results with those of the conventional extraction method (CE) for Mn and Pb. With regard to the dissolution process, higher recoveries were obtained using ULM than with CE in a relatively shorter time. The precision of the method was found to be 1.9-3.7% for Pb and 4.6-8.4% for Mn ( n = 4), as the average in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD%) depended on the analyte element concentrations and the nature of the samples. Using the ULM-FAAS method, significant results were obtained for Mn and Pb as vehicle exhaust pollutants. The pollution factors (PFs) obtained for Mn and Pb correlated mainly with vehicle exhaust emissions in different parts of Sivas and partly with some specific environmental conditions.

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Simplex optimization of multielement ultrasonic extraction of atmospheric particulates

Cited by 63 publications

References 11 publications

Size Distribution of Airborne Particulate Matter and Associated Metallic Elements in an Urban Area of an Industrial City in Korea

Size Distribution of Airborne Particulate Matter and Associated Metallic Elements in an Urban Area of an Industrial City in Korea

Biomass Extraction Methods

Determination of Manganese and Lead in Roadside Soil Samples by FAAS with Ultrasound Assisted Leaching

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