Simple Vascular Architecture Classification in Predicting Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Grade and Prognosis

Abstract

In the novel simple VA classification, peritumoral, intratumoral, and absent vessels are prone to be G1, G2, and G3, respectively. Combined with serum CA19-9 and lesion size, the VA classification could predict tumor grade and prognosis in PNET.

Increased carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 expression in a thymic neuroendocrine tumor

“…In our case, mediastinal lymph node metastasis and multiple bone metastasis were detected 1 and 4 years after initial surgery, respectively. The metastatic potential was consistent with elevated CA19‐9 in pancreatic NETs 3,4 …”

“…Luo et al 3 reported that CA19‐9 > 16 U/ml was significantly associated with a higher proportion of patients at advanced stages and was an adverse prognostic factor for overall survival. Chen et al 4 reported that serum CA19‐9 was elevated in 12.4% (12/112 cases) of pancreatic NETs, and elevated CA19‐9 was an independent predictor of NET G3 tumor, suggesting that CA19‐9 elevation is associated with high‐grade aggressiveness. In medullary thyroid cancer, elevated CA19‐9 was predictive of poor prognosis 8–10 .…”

“…Serum level of the tumor‐associated carbohydrate biomarker, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9), is used for diagnosis and post‐treatment monitoring in patients with pancreatic and gastrointestinal malignancies, with median sensitivity and specificity of 79% (70%–90%) and 82% (68%–91%), respectively, for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer 1,2 . Several studies have indicated elevated serum CA19‐9 in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) 3–7 . CA19‐9 is important for differentiating between pancreatic adenocarcinomas and pancreatic NETs, 6,7 but little is known regarding CA19‐9 in other types of NET.…”

“… 1 , 2 Several studies have indicated elevated serum CA19‐9 in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 CA19‐9 is important for differentiating between pancreatic adenocarcinomas and pancreatic NETs, 6 , 7 but little is known regarding CA19‐9 in other types of NET.…”

Association of Age With Tumor Grade in Patients With Digestive Tumors: A Study Based on US SEER Registry

“…Tumor grade represents a gestalt of all subtle changes in molecular level, re ecting proliferation and aggressiveness. [3][4][5][6][7][8] The distribution of tumor grade were different between younger and older patients in some types of tumor. [9][10][11][12] However, previous studies did not illustrate the independent association between age and tumor grade.…”