Simple Structure Reconsidered: Distinguishability and Invariance in Factor Analysis

Factor analysis

“…definitely complaints about a lack of invariance in rotated factors (Fittkau, 1968, Butler, 1969 15 .…”

“…A lack of invariance in SS solutions was already criticised by Butler (1969): "the simple structure concept does not solve one of the most crucial and fundamental problems of factor analysis, the problem of the likelihood of factorial invariance" (p.13). "Normal varimax factors cannot be regarded as factorially invariant …" (p. 24).…”

Komplexität modellieren

“…Thurstone und alle, die seiner ‚amerikanischen Schule' folgten, hielten das initiale orthogonale Faktorenmuster, das eine Zentroid-, Hauptachsen-oder Hauptkomponentenanalyse generiert, für "im allgemeinen nicht interpretierbar" (Überla, 1971, 175) (Fittkau, 1968, Butler, 1969 (Andresen, 1998, p. 74 Hamilton, 1960, Lumsden, 1961, Leventhal & Stedman, 1970 Gangestad & Snyder (1985) und Snyder & Gangestad (1985 (Gorsuch, 1974, p. 191 (Burt, 1954, p. 16). Burt nahm routinemäßig zwar auch eine Umwandlung der bipolaren Initialfaktoren zugunsten einer unipolaren Lösung vor, die er ‚Gruppenfaktorlösung' nannte.…”

Brief Report: Comments on Eber's Maxplane Meets Thurstone's Factorially Invariant Box Problem

“…In other words, factor analysts tend to prefer the most distinguishable data factors (Butler, 1969) when they are overdetermined.…”