Simple Solar Spectral Model for Direct and Diffuse Irradiance on Horizontal and Tilted Planes at the Earth's Surface for Cloudless Atmospheres

Bird, Richard E.; Riordan, C.

doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<0087:sssmfd>2.0.co;2

Cited by 706 publications

(327 citation statements)

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“…The transmission model SPCTRAL2 [43] was used to simulate the solar spectra in different seasons, namely the summer (21 June), autumn (18 October) and winter (21 December) at noon of the given days. The incident surface was defined by coordinates of 52.00°N 4.37°E (Delft, The Netherlands), tilt angle of 37.0°, and azimuth angle of 180° (South).…”

Section: Variations In Photocurrent Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Many Junctions? A Case Study of Multijunction Thin‐Film Silicon Solar Cells

Tong

Isabella

Zeman

2017

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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different energy bandgaps, multijunction solar cells can reduce the thermalization and nonabsorption losses, meaning less spectral mismatch and a better spectral utilization. The theoretical efficiency limit of the solar cell comprising infinite number of component subcells is 68.2% without concentration and 86.8% with concentration. [3] In practice, the III-V photovoltaic technology represents a very successful demonstration of both strategies. [4,5] Within this category, the benefit of multijunction concept is apparent as the record efficiency of concentrator photovoltaic cells is 29.3% for the single-junction, and grows to 34.2%, 44.4%, and 46.0% for the monolithic two-terminal double-, triple-, and quadruple-junction cells, respectively. [6][7][8][9] Multijunction solar cells can be made with two or more external electrical contacts (terminals). The components in a monolithic two-terminal device are considered to be in series connection. Therefore, the output current of a two-terminal device is constrained by the component which supplies the least photocurrent. Despite the limitation, two-terminal multijunction cells are much more feasible to design and manufacture than the ones with more terminals, thus more practical for applications. This type of two-terminal devices is the subject of this paper. For simplicity, we refer two-terminal multijunction solar cells to as multijunction solar cells, without further specification.While the multijunction III-V solar cells mark the highest achieved power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells to date, the multijunction concept has been explored and developed in many other photovoltaic technologies as well. Besides the reduction of losses originating from spectral mismatch, the multijunction concept offers some additional benefits to the thin-film photovoltaics. The effective absorption is split into a few separate layers in different subcells, meaning that each layer can be made thinner for the same total absorption. Such thickness reduction improves the electrical performance when the carrier transportation in the material is a limiting factor. Moreover, the division of photocurrent implies less resistive losses over the electrical interconnections. The thin-film silicon solar cell has a long history of developing multijunction solutions to make use of these advantages. The efficiency improvement by additional subcells has been shown up to the triple-junction configuration. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In organic photovoltaics, the absorber materials have rather narrow absorption spectra.

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Section: Variations In Photocurrent Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Too Many Junctions? A Case Study of Multijunction Thin‐Film Silicon Solar Cells

Tong

Isabella

Zeman

2017

Advanced Sustainable Systems

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“…The position and irradiation of the sun are modeled 1.0 with SOLPOS [55] and SPTRL2 [56,57]. Several threshold angles and energies, tracking modes as well as solar absorber thicknesses are considered.…”

Section: Annual Yield For Directionally Selective Solar Absorbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐Trapping in Solar Cells by Directionally Selective Filters

Ulbrich

Peters

Fahr

et al. 2015

Photon Management in Solar Cells

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“…The basic equation describing the amount of direct solar ultraviolet radiation propagating through the atmosphere and reaching the ground, is given in Bird and Riordan (1986) Z(dh) = H(oh) * D * 7(rh) * 7(d) * 7(Wh) * 7(0/i) * 7(Uh) )…”

Section: Directnormal Irradiancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values for the extra-terrestrial solar radiation are for the spectral region from 280 to 400 nm. These values were derived following Bird and Riordan (1986) calculations and the formulation from Green (1983).…”

Section: Directnormal Irradiancementioning

confidence: 99%

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A simple algorithm for simulating the solar ultraviolet radiation at the Earth's surface: An application in determining the minimum erythema dose

et al. 1991

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The purpose of this study is to present a new simple model algorithm for simulating the solar ultaviolet radiation reaching the surface of the Earth. The algorithm is capable of providing both the direct and diffuse solar ultraviolet radiation, for different atmospheric conditions, time, and geographic locations. An application of the model relates to the calculation of the minimum energy input of ultraviolet radiation to be received by a human to allow an erythema development.

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Simple Solar Spectral Model for Direct and Diffuse Irradiance on Horizontal and Tilted Planes at the Earth's Surface for Cloudless Atmospheres

Cited by 706 publications

References 0 publications

Too Many Junctions? A Case Study of Multijunction Thin‐Film Silicon Solar Cells

Too Many Junctions? A Case Study of Multijunction Thin‐Film Silicon Solar Cells

Light‐Trapping in Solar Cells by Directionally Selective Filters

A simple algorithm for simulating the solar ultraviolet radiation at the Earth's surface: An application in determining the minimum erythema dose

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