Simple, Sensitive, and Quantitative Electrochemical Detection Method for Paper Analytical Devices

Scida, Karen; Cunningham, Josephine C.; Renault, Christophe; Richards, Ian; Crooks, Richard M.

doi:10.1021/ac501004a

Cited by 86 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…22,31,32 The first amplification step corresponds to preconcentration of the AgNP labels at the electrode surface using magnetic force. The second corresponds to the 250 000 equiv of charge present in each 20-nm-diameter AgNP.…”

Section: Acs Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22,25,26 Subsequently, these four developments, in combination with an indirect oxidation strategy, 27−29 came together in a three-dimensional, paperbased sensing device we call an oSlip ("o″ for origami 20 and "Slip" to indicate that it incorporates a "slip layer"). 25, 30 The oSlip has been used to detect targets, including a model analyte, 22 DNA, 31 and the biological warfare agent ricin. 32 It uses two stages of amplification to achieve detection limits in the low picomolar range at a cost-per-sensor of ∼$0.30 at the laboratory scale, not including application-specific reagents.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Paper-Based Sensor for Electrochemical Detection of Silver Nanoparticle Labels by Galvanic Exchange

et al. 2015

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Here we report a three-dimensional paper fluidic device configured for electrochemical detection of biomolecules labeled with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). This new sensor, which we call a NoSlip, represents a major improvement of our previously reported oSlip system. Specifically, detection of AgNPs in the NoSlip is based on galvanic exchange rather than a chemical oxidant (bleach or MnO 4 − in the oSlip). Galvanic exchange is implemented by depositing a very small amount of gold onto the working electrode. Once the AgNP labels are brought into the proximity of the electrode through the use of magnetic force, a fraction of the Au 0 is electrochemically oxidized to Au 3+ . The Au 3+ reacts with the AgNPs to form Ag + and Au 0 . The Ag + is then detected by anodic stripping voltammetry. This new methodology resolves three shortcomings of the oSlip while simultaneously simplifying the basic sensor form factor. First, the NoSlip resolves an oxidant instability issue because of the inherent stability of the Au 0 coating on the electrode that is used to electrogenerate the oxidant (Au 3+ ). Additionally, Au 3+ is a milder oxidizing agent than bleach or MnO 4 − , so it does not attack the major components of the NoSlip. Finally, the NoSlip eliminates the need for a slip layer because the oxidant (Au 3+ ) is electrogenerated on demand. The NoSlip is able to detect AgNP labels down to concentrations as low as 2.1 pM, the time to result is ∼7 min, and the cost at the laboratory scale, not including application-specific reagents, is $0.30. L ateral flow assays (LFAs) were first demonstrated in the 1950s as semiquantitative, colorimetric glucose sensors. 1 Their low cost and simplicity were ideally suited for many applications, and at the present time they dominate the pointof-care (PoC) sensing market. 2,3 LFAs do have limitations that restrict their applications, however. For example, the vast majority provide binary (yes/no) or, at best, semiquantitative output. They are also restricted to simple assays that do not require timed reaction steps, chemical amplification (e.g., polymerase chain reaction), or high degrees of multiplexing. In 2007, Whitesides and co-workers published a seminal paper describing how LFA-like devices could operate in two dimensions. 4 The key insight for that advance was realizing that the tools of photolithography could be used to pattern paper into hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, thereby directing the flow of aqueous fluids along specified paths in two dimensions and allowing for multiplexed detection. 5−13 The following year the same group showed that this same basic design rule could be expanded to three dimensions, 14 thereby further increasing the number of potential applications. 15−19 Over the past four years, we have expanded on Whitesides' original multidimensional paper sensing ideas by introducing more convenient fabrication methods based on the principles of origami, 20,21 quantitative detection of analytes at subpicomolar concentrations 22 using on-chip electrochemical method...

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Section: Acs Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Paper-Based Sensor for Electrochemical Detection of Silver Nanoparticle Labels by Galvanic Exchange

et al. 2015

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“…A variety of techniques, including colorimetry [120][121][122][123], fluorescent [29,[123][124][125][126][127], luminescent [128], chemiluminiscent [128,129], photo-electro-chemiluminiscent, electrochemical [130,131], electro-chemiluminiscent [132,133], and photo-electrochemical [134] detections have been reported for paper and/or fiber-based bio-diagnostic platforms [2][3][4]135,136]. In the case of fluorescence readout, an important question is: "To what extent does the whiteness of the paper play a role in producing a background signal or perhaps participating in the bleaching effect?".…”

Section: Readout Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper and Fiber-Based Bio-Diagnostic Platforms: Current Challenges and Future Needs

2017

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Abstract:In this perspective article, some of the latest paper and fiber-based bio-analytical platforms are summarized, along with their fabrication strategies, the processing behind the product development, and the embedded systems in which paper or fiber materials were integrated. The article also reviews bio-recognition applications of paper/fiber-based devices, the detected analytes of interest, applied detection techniques, the related evaluation parameters, the type and duration of the assays, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Moreover, some of the existing challenges of utilizing paper and/or fiber materials are discussed. These include control over the physical characteristics (porosity, permeability, wettability) and the chemical properties (surface functionality) of paper/fiber materials are discussed. Other aspects of the review focus on shelf life, the multi-functionality of the platforms, readout strategies, and other challenges that have to be addressed in order to obtain reliable detection outcomes.

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“…Crooks group revealed a new platform with fast flow rate, named as hollow channel [4]. This platform consisted of three layers based on origami showed very satisfactory results in some applications [5,6]. However, this approach requires external supporting and alignment devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast-flow microfluidic paper-based analytic platform through adhesive OHP film-hollowed channels

Shin

Choi

2015

2015 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM)

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Simple, Sensitive, and Quantitative Electrochemical Detection Method for Paper Analytical Devices

Cited by 86 publications

References 32 publications

Paper-Based Sensor for Electrochemical Detection of Silver Nanoparticle Labels by Galvanic Exchange

Paper-Based Sensor for Electrochemical Detection of Silver Nanoparticle Labels by Galvanic Exchange

Paper and Fiber-Based Bio-Diagnostic Platforms: Current Challenges and Future Needs

A fast-flow microfluidic paper-based analytic platform through adhesive OHP film-hollowed channels

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