Simple security proof of quantum key distribution based on complementarity

Koashi, Masato

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/11/4/045018

Cited by 258 publications

(349 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(9). The security argument behind it is that when Alice sends out vacuum states, Eve gains nothing about Alice's qubits by measuring the state in the channel [60,62].…”

Section: A Key Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

2012

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Practical schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution using phase and path or time encoding are presented. In addition to immunity to existing loopholes in detection systems, our setup employs simple encoding and decoding modules without relying on polarization maintenance or optical switches. Moreover, by employing a modified sifting technique to handle the dead-time limitations in single-photon detectors, our scheme can be run with only two singlephoton detectors. With a phase-postselection technique, a decoy-state variant of our scheme is also proposed, whose key generation rate scales linearly with the channel transmittance. *

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“…(9). The security argument behind it is that when Alice sends out vacuum states, Eve gains nothing about Alice's qubits by measuring the state in the channel [60,62].…”

Section: A Key Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

2012

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“…Fortunately, security proof of standard BB84 with basis-dependent flaw has already been shown to be secure [12][13][14], and we generalize this idea to our case where we have basis-dependent flaw from both of Alice and Bob. In order to do so, we consider a virtual protocol [12][13][14]22] that Alice and Bob get together and the basis choices by Alice and Bob are made via measurement processes on the so-called quantum coin. In this virtual protocol of the phase encoding scheme I, Alice and Bob prepare joint systems in the state [23]…”

Section: Security Proofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To make this intuition rigorous, we briefly review the idea by [13,14] which applies Bloch sphere bound [27] to the quantum coin. Suppose that we randomly choose Z-basis or X-basis as the measurement basis for each quantum coin.…”

Section: Security Proofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(C1), we invoke Koashi's proof [33]. To apply Koashi's proof, it is important to ensure that i) one of the two parties holds a virtual *qubit* (rather than a higher dimensional system) and ii) the fictitious measurements performed on the virtual qubit have to form *conjugate* observables.…”

Section: Justification Of Eq (C1)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, we prove the unconditional security of these schemes with basis-dependent flaw by generalizing the quantum coin idea [12][13][14]. Based on the security proof, we simulate the key generation rate with realistic parameters, especially we employ a simple model to evaluate the basisdependent flaw due to the imperfection of the phase modulators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phase encoding schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with basis-dependent flaw

et al. 2012

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In this paper, we study the unconditional security of the so-called measurement device independent quantum key distribution (MDIQKD) with the basis-dependent flaw in the context of phase encoding schemes. We propose two schemes for the phase encoding, the first one employs a phase locking technique with the use of non-phase-randomized coherent pulses, and the second one uses conversion of standard BB84 phase encoding pulses into polarization modes. We prove the unconditional security of these schemes and we also simulate the key generation rate based on simple device models that accommodate imperfections. Our simulation results show the feasibility of these schemes with current technologies and highlight the importance of the state preparation with good fidelity between the density matrices in the two bases. Since the basis-dependent flaw is a problem not only for MDIQKD but also for standard QKD, our work highlights the importance of an accurate signal source in practical QKD systems. Note: We include the erratum of this paper in Appendix C. The correction does not affect the validity of the main conclusions reported in the paper, which is the importance of the state preparation in MDIQKD and the fact that our schemes can generate the key with the practical channel mode that we have assumed.

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Dynamical Measurement's Uncertainty in the Curved Space‐Time

2019

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The dynamical characteristics of measurement's uncertainty are investigated under two modes of Dirac field in the Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger dilation space-time. It shows that the Hawking effect induced by the thermal field would result in an expansion of the entropic uncertainty with increasing dilation-parameter value, as the systemic quantum coherence reduces, reflecting that the Hawking effect could undermine the systemic coherence. Meanwhile, the intrinsic relationship between the uncertainty and quantum coherence is obtained, and it is revealed that the uncertainty's bound is anti-correlated with the system's quantum coherence. Furthermore, it is illustrated that the systemic mixedness is correlated with the uncertainty to a large extent. Via the information flow theory, various correlations including quantum and classical aspects, which can be used to form a physical explanation on the relationship between the uncertainty and quantum coherence, are also analyzed. Additionally, this investigation is extended to the case of multi-component measurement, and the applications of the entropic uncertainty relation are illustrated on entanglement criterion and quantum channel capacity. Lastly, it is declared that the measurement uncertainty can be quantitatively suppressed through optimal quantum weak measurement. These investigations might pave an avenue to understand the measurement's uncertainty in the curved space-time.

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Simple security proof of quantum key distribution based on complementarity

Cited by 258 publications

References 21 publications

Alternative schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

Alternative schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution

Phase encoding schemes for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution with basis-dependent flaw

Dynamical Measurement's Uncertainty in the Curved Space‐Time

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