Simple one-step synthesis of fluorine-doped carbon nanoparticles as potential alternative metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Panomsuwan, Gasidit; Saito, Nagahiro; Ishizaki, Takahiro

doi:10.1039/c5ta00244c

Cited by 168 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In such systems, the plasma enables unique reactions such as C–H activation reactions at the interface between the solution and plasma, whereas conventional plasma induces random decomposition reactions. We have fabricated graphene, heterographene, nanocarbon sheets, and nanocarbon spheres via solution plasma from organic solutions containing solvents such as benzene, toluene, pyridine, or pyrazine60616263646566676869707172. Moreover, the reaction rate is substantially higher than the rates of other synthesis methods such as chemical vapor deposition and pyrolysis synthesis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fastest Formation Routes of Nanocarbons in Solution Plasma Processes

Morishita

Ueno

Panomsuwan

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Although solution-plasma processing enables room-temperature synthesis of nanocarbons, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We investigated the routes of solution-plasma-induced nanocarbon formation from hexane, hexadecane, cyclohexane, and benzene. The synthesis rate from benzene was the highest. However, the nanocarbons from linear molecules were more crystalline than those from ring molecules. Linear molecules decomposed into shorter olefins, whereas ring molecules were reconstructed in the plasma. In the saturated ring molecules, C–H dissociation proceeded, followed by conversion into unsaturated ring molecules. However, unsaturated ring molecules were directly polymerized through cation radicals, such as benzene radical cation, and were converted into two- and three-ring molecules at the plasma–solution interface. The nanocarbons from linear molecules were synthesized in plasma from small molecules such as C2 under heat; the obtained products were the same as those obtained via pyrolysis synthesis. Conversely, the nanocarbons obtained from ring molecules were directly synthesized through an intermediate, such as benzene radical cation, at the interface between plasma and solution, resulting in the same products as those obtained via polymerization. These two different reaction fields provide a reasonable explanation for the fastest synthesis rate observed in the case of benzene.

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confidence: 99%

Fastest Formation Routes of Nanocarbons in Solution Plasma Processes

Morishita

Ueno

Panomsuwan

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…[12,[14][15] Panomsuwan et al reported the incorporation of fluorine (F/C = 0.05 on surface) in CNPs by solutionp lasma in C 6 H 5 CF 3 ; [14] the affinity of these CNPs to water was not mentioned. [12,[14][15] Panomsuwan et al reported the incorporation of fluorine (F/C = 0.05 on surface) in CNPs by solutionp lasma in C 6 H 5 CF 3 ; [14] the affinity of these CNPs to water was not mentioned.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[19] Unlike the case of hydrophilic CNPs produced from B/W bilayer solution, [17] CNPs(W)d id not have ah ydrophilic group such as OH. [14] Large numbers of CÀFb onds were incorporated into the surfacea sw ell as inside the CNPs. [19] Judging from the appearance of the Db and (1360 cm À1 )a nd Gb and (1580 cm À1 )i nR aman spectra (Figure 2c), and the intensity ratio of those bands (I D /I G = 1), both CNPs shouldh ave disordered structures.F urther,X -ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of CNPs ( Figure S2) showed broad diffraction peaks (2q % 228 and 418)c orresponding to amorphous carbon by analogy to the previous report.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Fluorine‐Doped Hydrophilic Carbon Nanoparticles from Hexafluorobenzene by Femtosecond Laser Pulses

et al. 2016

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We report on the preparation and characterization of fluorine-doped hydrophilic carbon nanoparticles by the exposure of hexafluorobenzene or a water/hexafluorobenzene bilayer solution to femtosecond laser pulses. Uniform atom distributions are achieved not only on the particle surface but also inside the particles. The semi-ionic character of C-F bonds and the non-aggregating feature of the nanoparticles play key roles in the water-dispersible character of fluorine-doped carbon nanoparticles. We suggest the following building-up process of carbon nanoparticles: the fragmentation of hexafluorobenzene initiated by the electrons generated in laser-induced plasma followed by the reconstruction of a carbon framework of nanoparticles.

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“…25) Thus, the in SP process, it is very important to select suitable raw materials to control the synthesis rate of the nanocarbons. Moreover, the doping of different elements, such as B, 5) N, 26,27) F, 5) and Cl, 28) or multiple dopants 29,30) into the carbon matrix can be easily realized by the SP process using suitable organic solvents as raw materials. The N-doped nanocarbon materials showed higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity than nondoped and other heteroatomdoped nanocarbon materials.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Electric discharge in liquid media is a versatile method for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, [1][2][3] bimetallic nanoparticles, 4) nonmetal catalysts, [5][6][7] carbon nanospheres (CNS), 8) graphenes, 9) carbon nanotubes, [10][11][12][13] carbon onions, 14) metal nanoparticles covered by carbon, 15,16) mesoporous silica, 17) and polymers. 18) Among these, nonmetallic carbon catalysts have attracted a great deal of attention as a Pt substitute material in energy storage devices such as secondary batteries 19) and supercapacitors 20,21) for smart grids or electric automobiles.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative study of nanocarbons synthesized between electrodes in liquid phase by solution plasma

Lee

Wada

Kaneko

et al. 2017

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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For several decades, the development of synthesis processes and designs for carbon materials such as graphites, carbon nanotubes, and graphenes has been continuous because of their superior physicochemical properties. The liquid-phase electric discharge process, known as the solution plasma process (SPP), has emerged as a potential synthesis process for carbon materials; however, liquid discharge in organic solutions has not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, plasma discharges in benzene (C 6 H 6 ) and pyridine (C 5 H 5 N) were conducted. During the discharge, two types of nanocarbons with different crystallinities were synthesized simultaneously in different reaction fields: between electrodes and in a liquid phase. The nanocarbons grown between electrodes were collected and then compared with the nanocarbons produced in the liquid phase after discharge. All carbon samples were measured using various techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the nitrogen absorption-desorption method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, CHN elemental analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Nanocarbons grown between electrodes in benzene or pyridine were found to be graphite structures, while the nanocarbons produced in the liquid phase were amorphous carbons. On the basis of the results obtained, the formation and growth of the two types of nanocarbon materials synthesized by SPP and their dependence on the position of the reaction field in plasma in the liquid phase are discussed.

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Simple one-step synthesis of fluorine-doped carbon nanoparticles as potential alternative metal-free electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Abstract: Fluorine-doped carbon nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a simple one-step solution plasma process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure without the addition of a metal catalyst.

Cited by 168 publications

References 55 publications

Fastest Formation Routes of Nanocarbons in Solution Plasma Processes

Fastest Formation Routes of Nanocarbons in Solution Plasma Processes

Synthesis of Fluorine‐Doped Hydrophilic Carbon Nanoparticles from Hexafluorobenzene by Femtosecond Laser Pulses

Comparative study of nanocarbons synthesized between electrodes in liquid phase by solution plasma

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