Simple, non-moving modulation interface for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Beens, Jan; Adahchour, M.; Vreuls, René J. J.; Altena, Klaas van; Brinkman, U.A.Th.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00785-3

Cited by 172 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…While this type of modulator allows excellent modulation of compounds even as volatile as methane, use of liquid nitrogen is limited by its availability and requires bulky facilities for storage and insulation. A practical solution has already been demonstrated by Beens et al (2001a), who used a CO 2 -cooled jet modulator and obtained sharp (about 30 ms) second-dimension peaks. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere

et al. 2003

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Abstract.During the MINOS campaign in August 2001 comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) was applied to the in situ measurements of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at the Finokalia ground station, Crete. The measurement system employs a thermal desorption unit for on-line sampling and injection, and a GC×GC separation system equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) for detection. The system was optimized to resolve C 7 − C 14 organic components. Two-dimensional chromatograms from measurements of Finokalia air samples show several hundred wellseparated peaks. To facilitate peak identification, cartridge samples collected at Finokalia were analyzed using the same GC×GC system coupled with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The resulting mass spectra were deconvoluted and compared to spectra from a database for tentative peak identification. About 650 peaks have been identified in the two-dimensional plane, with significant signal/noise ratios (>100) and high spectra similarities (>800). By comparing observed retention indices with those found in the literature, 235 of the identifications have been confirmed. 150 of the confirmed compounds show up in the C 7 − C 14 range of the chromatogram from the in situ measurement. However, at least as many peaks remain unidentified. For quantification of the GC×GC measurements, peak volumes of measured compounds have been integrated and externally calibrated using a standard gas mixture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere

et al. 2003

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“…Cryogenic modulation can be performed by moving a CO 2 trap along the column (LMCS [23]) or by triggering alternatively two CO 2 jets [24]. A schematic view of a GC × GC system implemented with a dual jet CO 2 modulator is presented in Figure 1c.…”

Section: Modulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interest of GC × GC for trace analysis in petrochemical products is discussed via two application examples [24,42]. For these examples, comprehensive GC × GC analyses are achieved using a home made dual jet CO 2 modulator as described elsewhere [42].…”

Section: Gc × Gcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interest and Applications of Multidimensional Gas Chromatography for Trace Analysis in the Petroleum Industry

Bertoncini¹,

Vendeuvre²,

Thiébaut³

2005

Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP

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Résumé -Intérêt et applications de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse multidimensionnelle pour l'analyse des composés à l'état de trace dans l'industrie pétrolière -L'objectif de cet article est de démontrer l'intérêt et les avantages de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse multidimensionnelle (CPG MD) pour analyser des composés présents à l'état de trace dans des matrices organiques complexes comme les mélanges d'hydrocarbures, les échantillons d'huiles ou pétroliers et les charges et effluents des procédés pétrochimiques ou de raffinage. Dans ce cas, la réussite de l'analyse de trace dépend considérablement de l'étape de séparation et, à cet égard, la chromatographie en phase gazeuse multidimensionnelle peut fournir une augmentation de la capacité de pic permettant une meilleure identification et quantification des composants à l'état de trace. Des notions générales de l'analyse de trace organique dans le domaine de l'industrie pétrolière ainsi que le principe de la CPG MD et de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse bidimensionnelle (GC-2D) sont présentés. L'instrumentation est illustrée avec une attention particulière aux derniers développements de la CPG MD. Diverses applications de la CPG MD et de la GC-2D soulignent l'apport de ces techniques d'analyses comme la détermination des traces d'oxygénés dans la coupe C 4 par CPG MD ou la quantification et la détermination de sous-produits présents à l'état de trace dans des procédés pétrochimiques comme les procédés Fischer-tropsh ou de déhydrogénation de normales paraffines. Abstract -Interest and Applications of Multidimensional Gas Chromatography for Trace Analysis in the Petroleum Industry -This paper aims to point out the interest and the advantages of multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC) for performing trace analysis in complex

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“…Description of the theoretical and operational characteristics of the jet-cooled thermal modulator is available from references [35,52]. The Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector (SCD) used was a Sievers 355B with "flameless burner" at 8008C (Sievers Inc., Boulder, CO, USA) utilizing ozone excitation; light entering the photomultiplier tube (PMT) for detection was filtered at wavelengths between 260 and 480 nm, the SCD signal was sampled at 50 Hz.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of sulfur‐containing compounds in crude oils by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection

Hua¹,

Jing-hua²,

Kong³

et al. 2004

J of Separation Science

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Analysis of sulfur-containing compounds in crude oils by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection This paper reports an analytical method for separating, identifying, and quantifying sulfur-containing compounds in crude oil fraction (IBP-3608C) samples based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with a sulfur chemiluminescence detector. Various sulfur-containing compounds and their groups were analyzed with one direct injection. 3620 peaks were detected including 1722 thiols/thioethers/ disulfides/1-ring thiophenes, 953 benzothiophenes, 704 dibenzothiophenes, and 241 benzonaphthothiophenes. The target sulfur compounds and their groups were identified based on the group separation feature and structured retention of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography as well as standard substances. The quantitative analysis of major sulfur-containing compounds and total sulfur was based on the linear response of the sulfur chemiluminescence detector using the internal standard method. The sulfur contents of target sulfur compounds and their groups in 4 crude oil fractions were also determined. The recoveries for standard sulfur-containing compounds were in the range of 90 -102%. The quantitative result of total sulfur in the Oman crude oil fraction sample was compared with those from ASTM D 4294 standard method (total S by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry), the relative deviation (RD%) was 4.2% and the precision of the method satisfactory.

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Simple, non-moving modulation interface for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Cited by 172 publications

References 18 publications

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) measurements of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere

Interest and Applications of Multidimensional Gas Chromatography for Trace Analysis in the Petroleum Industry

Analysis of sulfur‐containing compounds in crude oils by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection

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