“…Similar to the buried interface, the main problems to be solved for the upper interfaces of CPSCs are poor contact due to the rough surface of the perovskite and carbon electrodes, poor hole extraction and transport ability, severe surface defects resulting in non-radiative recombination at the interface, and energy-level mismatch between the layers. As a result, researchers have used organic polymers [54][55][56][57], organic salts [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66], inorganic materials [67,68], and carbon nanotubes [12,69,70] for interface engineering to improve the quality of the interface, enhance the film crystallinity quality of perovskite, passivate interfacial defects, improve the interfacial energy band alignment, enhance the interfacial contact, build a hole transfer channel and act as an EBL to reduce the carrier non-radiative recombination, and accelerate the hole extraction and transfer at the interface.…”