Simple In Vitro Assay for Determining the Sensitivity of
            <i>Plasmodium vivax</i>
            Isolates from Fresh Human Blood to Antimalarials in Areas where
            <i>P. vivax</i>
            Is Endemic

Russell, Bruce; Udomsangpetch, Rachanee; Rieckmann, Karl H.; Kotecka, Barbara; Coleman, Russell E.; Sattabongkot, Jetsumon

doi:10.1128/aac.47.1.170-173.2003

Cited by 98 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…To study the IDC transcriptome of P. vivax, we collected three clinical isolates from acute vivax malaria patients before treatment on the Northwestern border of Thailand (Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand). These synchronous, monoclonal, erythrocytic isolates were cultured ex vivo from the early ring stage to the schizont stage (see Table S1) (12,14). Transcriptional analysis using a genome-wide long oligonucleotide microarray designed by the recently established algorithm OligoRankPick (15) showed that during the P. vivax IDC, each gene is activated at a particular developmental stage analogous to P. falciparum ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transcriptome of Plasmodium vivax reveals divergence and diversity of transcriptional regulation in malaria parasites

Bozdech

Mok

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

244

272

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Plasmodium vivax causes over 100 million clinical infections each year. Primarily because of the lack of a suitable culture system, our understanding of the biology of this parasite lags significantly behind that of the more deadly species P. falciparum. Here, we present the complete transcriptional profile throughout the 48-h intraerythrocytic cycle of three distinct P. vivax isolates. This approach identifies strain specific patterns of expression for subsets of genes predicted to encode proteins associated with virulence and host pathogen interactions. Comparison to P. falciparum revealed significant differences in the expression of genes involved in crucial cellular functions that underpin the biological differences between the two parasite species. These data provide insights into the biology of P. vivax and constitute an important resource for the development of therapeutic approaches.comparative genomics ͉ Plasmodium falciparum I t is now increasingly recognized that P. vivax infections contribute significantly to the burden of malaria (1, 2). In all endemic areas except for Africa, P. vivax is often the dominant species, and at least 100 million cases are reported annually (2, 3). Although vivax malaria is clinically less likely than P. falciparum to develop into a life threatening disease, it exerts a substantial toll on the individual's health and economic well being. The chronic, long-lasting nature of the infection contributes substantially to morbidity. Chronicity is because of hypnozoites, dormant liver stages from which fresh blood infection or relapses originate up to 2 years after the infectious bite (4). The presence of hypnozoites make infections by P. vivax difficult to cure radically and pose a serious obstacle to the control and eventual eradication of this parasite.The description of the P. falciparum genome (5) and staged erythrocytic transcriptome (6, 7) has provided an invaluable resource for the study of this important species. It would be of fundamental and practical interest to do the same for P. vivax because there are important biological and clinical differences between this species and P. falciparum, whose basis is currently unknown (8). For example, the presence of circulating mature erythrocytic stages of P. vivax would suggest that multigene families and processes implicated in antigenic variation and immune evasion are quite different to P. falciparum, whose mature asexual red cell stages generally sequester. Unlike P. falciparum, P. vivax has a selective preference for infecting reticulocytes (9), strongly suggesting an alternate red cell attachment invasion mechanism. In contrast to the rigid, sticky and knobby P. falciparum infected red cell, P. vivax remodels the host-cell membranes to produce a highly deformable erythrocyte characterized by numerous caveola-vesicle complexes (10-12). Finally, the kinetics of gametocyte production in P. vivax is also different than P. falciparum, with P. vivax gametocytes appearing much earlier and being relatively short lived (8). Aside ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transcriptome of Plasmodium vivax reveals divergence and diversity of transcriptional regulation in malaria parasites

Bozdech

Mok

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

244

272

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…79,80 Without culture adaptation, the ex vivo assessment of drug susceptibility in P. vivax field isolates has been limited to clinical samples derived directly from the human host and subjected to short-term culture and drug exposure as exemplified by the schizont maturation test. [79][80][81][82] The inability to sustain in vitro growth restricts analysis of field isolates to a single time point making an assessment of reproducibility difficult. Despite its limitations, the current schizont maturation assay has demonstrated utility in discriminating parasite populations with different degrees of CQR, [83][84][85] characterizing drug susceptibility profiles of P. vivax to commonly used antimalarial drugs, 86,87 and screening susceptibility to novel therapeutic agents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Plasmodium vivax Malaria

Baird

Maguire

Price

2012

Advances in Parasitology

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“…Based on the cut-off IC 50 of 100 nM, the prevalences of chloroquine resistance determined by schizont maturation inhibition and SYBR Green assays were 19 and 11 isolates, respectively. SYBR Green-I assay was able to detect 8 r=0.004…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The schizont maturation inhibition and SYBR Green-I assays were performed on all P. vivax field isolates collected from all patients using a modified method of Russell and Benett et al [8,11] . P. vivax field isolates were tested for their sensitivities against chloroquine and WR99210.…”

Section: In Vitro Drug Sensitivity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through the removal of leukocytes and enrichment of the growth media, it is now possible to culture P. vivax from ring stage to schizont stage. This has enabled the successful development of the two in vitro test systems for assessing P. vivax sensitivity to antimalarials by Tasanor and Russell et al [7,8] . Either assay method relies on the microscopic examination, but with different assay end points (schizont maturation and growth inhibition, respectively).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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